8 Appendices

8.1 Appendix 1. List of Studies Excluded at Full-Text Eligibility Assessment

Excluded Review Reason for Exclusion
Aarons, Dakarai I (2008) Districts Cut Back Busing, Seek Ways to Save Energy Education Week, 28(1), 1. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Abdal-Haqq, Ismat (1996) Making Time for Teacher Professional Development ERIC Digest , 1. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Abramson, Paul (2008) Creative, Positive Responses to Tight Budgets School Planning & Management, 47(10), 62. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Adeyemi, Dorian (2016) Gas prices rise; school days decrease University Wire. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Allison, Bradford, Schumacher, Gary (2011) Learning Research and Community Decision Making Journal of Cases in Educational Leadership, 14(4), 10 10.1177/1555458911432019 Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Analitis, Eva (2022) Looking four-ward University Wire. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Anderson, James N (1983) An Alternative to the Four-Day Week Small School Forum, 4(3), 19. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Anglum, J Cameron (2021) When five shrinks to four: Assessing the four-day school week in rural locales Phi Delta Kappan, 103(4), 1. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Anglum, J Cameron (2021) When five shrinks to four: Assessing the four-day school week in rural locales Phi Delta Kappan, 103(4), 19 10.1177/00317217211065822 Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Anonymous (2002) Effects of four-day school schedule undecided Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 73(9), 8. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Anonymous (2002) Four-day school week? Junior Scholastic, 105(3), 4. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Anonymous (2002) It’s Thursday School’s out! Should schools switch to a shorter schedule? Yes or No? Scholastic Action, 26(3), 4. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Anonymous (2003) Cutting class Scholastic Choices, 18(4), 5. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Anonymous (2004) Charter School Must Stay Open All Week For Full Funding Education USA, 46(1), 11. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Anonymous (2004) Court: Charter School Funds Can Be Cut For 4-Day Week School Law News, 32(1), 2. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Anonymous (2004) DEBATE: Should School Be Held Four Days a Week? Junior Scholastic, 107(3), 1. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Anonymous (2004) Thank Goodness It’s Thursday! Scholastic Action, 28(3), 6. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Anonymous (2005) Adolescent Sleep Needs and School Starting Times National Association of Secondary School Principals NASSP Bulletin, 89(642), 96. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Anonymous (2008) Going Home Early: The Impact of the Four-Day Week Scholastic , 8(2), 12. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Anonymous (2008) School Crunch Scholastic News, 77(2), 3. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Anonymous (2009) Missouri senate says no to 4-day school weeks American School & University. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Anonymous (2009) No-School Fridays Scholastic Action, 33(1), 20. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Anonymous (2009) The Four-Day School Week State Legislatures, 35(3), 8. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Anonymous (2009) White House Reports on a Speech by President Obama to US Hispanic Chamber of Commerce, March 10, 2009 The Education Digest, 74(9), 16. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Anonymous (2010) 9th Circuit hears appeals case on Hawaii’s ‘furlough Fridays’ Education Daily, 43(27), 4. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Anonymous (2010) Proposed legislation would allow 4-day weeks for Illinois school districts American School & University. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Anonymous (2011) Many South Dakota districts turn to four-day school weeks American School & University. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Anonymous (2011) School Districts Cut Costs with Four-Day Week News for You, 59(38), 3. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Anonymous (2011) TALK BACK Current Events, 111(6), 3. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Anonymous (2011) The Shrinking School Week Scholastic News, 80(3), 3. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Anonymous (2013) Iowa District Reimagines the Five-Day School Week Education Week, 33(4), 10. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Anonymous (2015) Shorter school week aids learning, study finds Education USA, 12(3), 2. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Anonymous (2016) Impact of Four-Day School Weeks Unclear: a newspaper for members of the National Education Association NEA Today, 34(4), 12. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Anonymous (2021) Four-Day School Week Slows Learning USA Today, 150(2915), 1. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Arnold, Grace C Snipper (1995) Teacher Dialogues: A Constructivist Model of Staff Development Journal of Staff Development, 16(4), 34. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Ashkin, Stephen (2009) On Schedule American School & University, 81(9), 40. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Bae, Sang Hoon (2018) Concepts, Models, and Research of Extended Education International Journal for Research on Extended Education, 6(2), 153. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Bailey, John P, Hess, Frederick M (2020) A Blueprint for Back to School American Enterprise Institute. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Baines, Lawrence (2008) Learning from the World: Achieving More by Doing Less Education Digest: Essential Readings Condensed for Quick Review, 73(5), 23. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Baquet, Georges, Aucouturier, Julien, Gamelin, François Xavier, Berthoin, Serge (2018) Longitudinal Follow-Up of Physical Activity During School Recess: Impact of Playground Markings Frontiers in public health, 6283 103389/fpubh2018.00283 Ineligible context - not in United States
Baquet, Georges, Ridgers, Nicola D, Blaes, Aurélie, Aucouturier, Julien, Van Praagh, Emmanuel, Berthoin, Serge (2014) Objectively assessed recess physical activity in girls and boys from high and low socioeconomic backgrounds BMC public health, 14192 10.1186/1471-2458-14-192 Ineligible context - not in United States
Barrows, Alice (1922) First National Conference on the Work-Study-Play or Platoon Plan Bulletin, 1922, No 35 Bureau of Education, Department of the Interior, 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Bauman, Paul (1983) The Four-Day School Week Issuegram 14 , 1. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Bayliss, Sarah (1989) 4-day week borough goes staff hunting The Times Educational Supplement, (3791). Ineligible context - not in United States
Beesley, Andrea D, Anderson, Carmon (2007) The Four-Day School Week: Information and Recommendations The Rural Educator, 29(1), 1035608/ruraledv29i1.939 Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Bellei, Cristian (2009) Does Lengthening the School Day Increase Students’ Academic Achievement? Results from a Natural Experiment in Chile Economics of Education Review, 28(5), 629 101016/jeconedurev200901.008 Ineligible context - not in United States
Bennett, Richard (2005) A case study of the impact of a four-day week on classroom practice , 86. Ineligible context - not in United States
Bevevino, Mary M, Snodgrass, Dawn M (1998) Revisiting Cooperative LearningAnd Making It Work: Success with Cooperative Learning at the Secondary Level NASSP Bulletin, 82(597), 64. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Bingham, Andrea J (2019) A Look at Personalized Learning: Lessons Learned Kappa Delta Pi Record, 55(3), 124 101080/002289582019.1622383 Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Blaes, Aurelie, Ridgers, Nicola D, Aucouturier, Julien, Van Praagh, Emmanuel, Berthoin, Serge, Baquet, Georges (2013) Effects of a playground marking intervention on school recess physical activity in French children Preventive Medicine, 57(5), 580 101016/jypmed201307.019 Ineligible context - not in United States
Blankenship, Ted (1984) Update: These School Systems Swear by the Four-Day School Week because Students Work Harder and Face Fewer Distractions , 32. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Blazer, Christie (2018) Middle School Redesign Information Capsule Volume 1803 , 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Blose, David T, Alves, Henry F (1941) Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1936-1938 Bulletin, 1940, No 2 Chapter II: Statistics of State School Systems, 1937-38 US Office of Education, Federal Security Agency, 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Bogue, R (2013) BOGUE: Against the four-day week University Wire. Ineligible context - not K-12 schools
Bonner, H R (1920) Statistics of City School Systems, 1917-18 Bulletin, 1920, No 24 Bureau of Education, Department of the Interior, 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Bossert, Philip J (1996) Understanding the Technologies of Our Learning Environments NASSP Bulletin, 80(582), 11. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Bradford, James C, Jr (1993) Making Year-Round Education (YRE) Work in Your District: A Nationally Recognized Single Track High School Model , 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Brosnan, Peter, Goel, Anuva (2011) Working for the Weekend? Current Events, 111(3), 7. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Brown, Emily Ann (2015) Shorter school week aids learning, study finds Education Daily, 48(153), 1. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Brown, Katie, Brown, Steve (2005) CLASSROOM SCHEDULING: METHODS, MODELS AND LIMITATIONS Allied Academies International Conference Academy of Educational Leadership Proceedings, 10(1), 5. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Burns, Dion, Bae, Soung, Snyder, Jon D (2017) “The Kids Benefit from It, so It’s Worth It”: Time for Teaching and Learning at SMASH Teachers’ Time: Collaborating for Learning, Teaching, and Leading , 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Bush, Vanessa (2008) Time to Learn: How a New School Schedule Is Making Smarter Kids, Happier Parents, and Safer Neighborhoods The Booklist, 104(16), 11. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Byrne, J (2010) Daley turns thumbs-down on four-day school week: Daley turns thumbs-down on four-day school week Clout Street [Chicago Tribune - BLOG]. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Campbell, Wedless (2006) The shortened week is a poor fit for urban education American Teacher, 90(5), 4. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Canady, R Lynn, Fogliani, A Elaine (1989) Cut Class Size in Half without Hiring More Teachers Executive Educator, 11(8), 22. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Canady, Robert Lynn, Rettig, Michael D (1995) The Power of Innovative Scheduling , 4. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Cardinale, Nelly (2013) Examining the transition to a four-day school week and investigating post-change faculty/staff work-life balance: A community college case study , 215. Ineligible context - not K-12 schools
Carlson, Robert V (1994) A Case Study of the Impact of a State-Level Policy Designed To Improve Rural Schools in the State of Vermont Occasional Paper No 36 , 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Carr, Pamela (2022) An Investigation into the Barriers to Enrollment in New Hampshire Secondary Career and Technical Education . Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Carrera, Catherine (2023) Chalkbeat: Newark superintendent pushes back on unions call for extra two days off Chalkbeat. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Castle, Shari, And Others (1992) Doubts & Certainties: A Forum on School Transformation from the NEA National Center for Innovation, Vol 7, No 2 Doubts & Certainties, 7(2), 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Cawelti, Gordon (1993) Restructuring Large High Schools to Personalize Learning for All , 17. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Chmelynski, Carol (2003) Four-day school weeks? Only if they fit The Education Digest, 68(5), 58. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Clark, Carrie, Hunley, Allen (2007) Freshman Academies on a SHOESTRING Principal Leadership, 7(7), 41. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Cobb, Andrea, Rockholt, Cindy, Miller, Michaela W, Jeffries-Simmons, Tennille (2019) School Day Task Force Report to the Legislature , 1. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Council of Educational Facility Planners, International (1980) Energy Use in Community Schools A Report , 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Curtis, Victoria (2003) Court: Charter School Funds Can Be Cut For 4-Day Week Education Daily, 36(233), 1. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Cypriot Authorities (1988) Primary Education in Cyprus Project No 8: Innovation in Primary Education , 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Daruvalla, Abi (1999) Outcry over shorter week The Times Educational Supplement, (4333), 14. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Deffenbaugh, W S (1938) Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1934-1936 Bulletin, 1937, No 2 Volume I Chapter VI: Effects of the Depression upon Public Elementary and Secondary Schools and upon Colleges and Universities Office of Education, United States Department of the Interior, 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Delvolvé, N, Davila, W (1994) Effets de la semaine de classe de quatre jours sur l’éléve [The effects of a 4-day school week on elementary school students’ cognitive state during the school day] Enfance, 4400 103406/enfan1994.3434 Ineligible publication - not in English
Department of the Interior Bureau of Education (1920) Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Meeting of the National Council of Primary Education, Chicago, Illinois, February 25, 1919 Bulletin, 1919, No 69 Bureau of Education, Department of the Interior, 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Department of the Interior Bureau of Education (1925) A Manual of Educational Legislation for the Guidance of Committees on Education in the State Legislatures Bulletin, 1924, No 36 Bureau of Education, Department of the Interior, 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Department of the Interior Bureau of Education (1925) Statistics of City School Systems, 1921-22 Bulletin, 1924, No 34 Bureau of Education, Department of the Interior, 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Department of the Interior Bureau of Education (1926) Survey of Education in Utah Bulletin, 1926, No 18 Bureau of Education, Department of the Interior, 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Department of the Interior Bureau of Education (1927) A Manual of Educational Legislation Bulletin, 1926, No 22 Bureau of Education, Department of the Interior, 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Department of the Interior Bureau of Education (1927) Biennial Survey of Education, 1922-1924 Bulletin, 1926, No 23 Bureau of Education, Department of the Interior, 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Department of the Interior Bureau of Education (1927) Rural School Supervision: Abstracts of Addresses Delivered at the Second Conference of Supervisors of the Southeastern States Held at Raleigh, North Carolina, December 6 and 7, 1926 Bulletin, 1927, No 24 Bureau of Education, Department of the Interior, 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Department of the Interior Bureau of Education (1927) Statistics of State School Systems, 1925-26 Bulletin, 1927, No 39 Bureau of Education, Department of the Interior, 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Diegmueller, Karen (1991) Recession Prompting Districts to Consider 4-Day School Weeks Education Week, 10(24), 1. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Dismuke, Diane (1992) Four-day week comes to school: a newspaper for members of the National Education Association NEA Today, 11(4), 15. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Division of Educational Statistics Bureau of Educational Research and Development (1962) Digest of Educational Statistics, 1962 Bulletin, 1963, No 10 OE-10024 Office of Education, US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Dixon, A (2011) Focus on the alternative school calendar: Year-round school programs and update on the four-day school week . Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Dixon, Asenith (2010) Focus on the School Calendar Challenge to Lead Series , 1. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Dolge, Adam (2011) Rural districts work to turn challenges into advantages Education Daily, 44(80), 1. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Dolge, Adam (2012) Florida district seeks 4-day week to bridge budget gap Education Daily, 45(15), 3. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Dolge, Adam (2014) Report: Many ESEA waiver states miss out on ELT potential Education Daily, 47(4), 3. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Domers, Ted (2017) Creating Good Problems: Redesigning High School for College Success Phi Delta Kappan, 99(3), 25 10.1177/0031721717739589 Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Donis-Keller, Christine (2010) The 4-Day School Week The Informed Educator Series , 1. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Donis-Keller, Christine, Silvernail, David L (2009) Review of Evidence on Four-Day School Week . Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Dougherty, John W (1980) Scheduling Problems Caused by Declining Enrollments NASSP Bulletin, 64(436), 110. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Durr, Greta (2003) Four-day school week? State Legislatures, 29(5), 21. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Editorial Projects in Education (2016) District Goes to 4-Day Week To Help Struggling Students Education Week, 35(22). Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Edmonson, J B, Bow, Warren E, Van Tassell, Irvin (1924) The Daily Schedule in the High School Bulletin, 1924, No 15 Bureau of Education, Department of the Interior, 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Education Commission of the States (2011) A State Policymaker’s Guide to Expanding Learning Time Education Commission of the States, 1. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Education Resource Strategies (2020) The Economics of Transitioning from Remote to In-Person School: 3 District Planning Levers for Increasing In-Person Learning (When It’s Safe) . Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Egbert, James C (1922) University Summer Schools Bulletin, 1922, No 31 Bureau of Education, Department of the Interior, 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Elliott, Edward C (1910) State School Systems: III Legislation and Judicial Decisions Relating to Public Education, October 1, 1908, to October 1, 1909 Bulletin, 1910, No 2 Whole Number 438 United States Bureau of Education, Department of the Interior, 1. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Ellis, George Humphries, III (2004) A comparison between selected 4 x 4 block schedule schools and seven-period traditional schools as measured by the public schools in North Carolina End of Course tests in algebra and biology , 95. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Evans, Nic (2017) Chalk Talks - When Adequate Is Not Adequate Journal of Law and Education, 46(2), 285. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
ExcelinEd (2020) Reopening Schools after COVID-19 Closures: Considerations for States . Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Farbman, David (2012) The Case for Improving and Expanding Time in School: A Review of Key Research and Practice , 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Featherstone, Helen (1991) The Rewards of a Four-Day School Week Principal, 71(1), 28. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Fett, Brianna, Fego, Anthony (2011) Shorten the School Week? Scholastic News, 68(8), 3. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Fett, Brianna, Fego, Anthony (2011) Shorten the School Week? Scholastic News, 80(3), 7. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Ford, Colby, Boymandjia, Christine (2010) DEBATE OF THE WEEK Scholastic News, 78(19), 7. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Ford, Colby, Boymandjia, Christine (2010) Four-Day School Weeks? Scholastic News, 72(19), 7. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Foster, Emery M, Herlihy, Lester B, Comstock, Lula M, Isdell, Julia E, Deffenbaugh, Walter S (1933) Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1930-1932 Bulletin, 1933, No 2 Chapter II: Statistics of City School Systems for the Year 1931-32 Office of Education, United States Department of the Interior, 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Fox, Jill Englebright (1999) “It’s Time To Go Home!” Reframing Dismissal Routines Dimensions of Early Childhood, 27(3), 11. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Friedman, Hershey, Hampton-Sosa, William, Friedman, Linda Weiser (2014) Solving the Mega-Crisis in Education: Concrete, Cost-Effective Solutions Journal of Educational Technology, 10(4), 6. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
GASSE, W (1963) [The physician and the 5-day school] Der Offentliche Gesundheitsdienst, 2594. Ineligible publication - not in English
Gaines, Gale F (2008) Focus on the School Calendar: The Four-Day School Week , 1. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Gallardo, Veronica Maria, Reyna, Sylvia, Ledesma, Lupe, Isais-Garcia, Armando, González, Carlos (2020) Reopening Washington Schools 2020: Guidance for Supporting Migrant Students under Title I, Part C Washington Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Gareau, Marianne, Kennedy, Colleen (1991) Structure Time and Space to Promote Pursuit of Learning in the Primary Grades Young Children, 46(4), 46. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Gill, Brian P, Goyal, Ravi, Hotchkiss, John (2020) Operating Schools in a Pandemic: Predicted Effects of Opening, Quarantining, and Closing Strategies . Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Goodykoontz, Bess (1940) Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1934-1936 Bulletin, 1937, No 2 Volume I Chapter I: Elementary Education, 1930-1936 Office of Education, United States Department of the Interior, 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Greenberg, Glenn (2008) Bye Bye, Bus! Scholastic News, 65(2), 2. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Gross, Betheny, Opalka, Alice, Gundapaneni, Padma (2020) Getting Back to School: An Update on Plans from across the Country . Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Hanson, Havala, Yoon, Sun Young (2018) Idaho’s Educator Landscape: How Is the State’s Teacher Workforce Responding to Its Students’ Needs? , 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Harnischfeger, Annegret (1980) Curricular Control and Learning Time: District Policy, Teacher Strategy, and Pupil Choice Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 2(6), 19. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Harnischfeger, Annegret, Wiley, David E (1978) Classroom Control: Room and Time for Improvement Educational Technology. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Harp, Lonnie (1990) Mississippi Schools Are Bracing for Funding ‘Crisis’ Education Week, 10(10), 14. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Harp, Lonnie (1995) Four-day week finds a niche in the rural West Education Week, 14(35), 3. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Harvard Education Press (2017) Learning Time: In Pursuit of Educational Equity , 300. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Harvey, Gillian (2017) A four-day week? C’est magnifique! The Times Educational Supplement, (5266). Ineligible context - not in United States
Heitin, Liana (2015) Four-Day School Week Linked to Gains in Math: “Does Shortening the School Week Impact Student Performance?: Evidence From the Four-Day School Week” Education Week, 35(4). Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Henton, Deb (2015) Four-Day Talking Points School Administrator, 72(1), 32. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Henton, Deborah M (2015) The Four-Day School Week School Administrator, 72(1), 28. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Herlihy, Lester B, Deffenbaugh, Walter S (1938) Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1934-1936 Bulletin, 1937, No 2 Volume II Chapter III: Statistics of City School Systems, 1935-36 Office of Education, United States Department of the Interior, 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Herlihy, Lester B, Deffenbaugh, Walter S, Covert, Timon (1941) Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1936-1938 Bulletin, 1940, No 2 Chapter III: Statistics of City School Systems, 1937-38 US Office of Education, Federal Security Agency, 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Hess, Frederick M (2023) Rethinking school time Phi Delta Kappan, 104(7), 36 10.1177/00317217231168261 Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Heyward, G (2017) A User’s Guide to the Four-Day School Week: How to Assess District Readiness and Evaluate the Results . Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Heyward, Georgia (2018) What Do We Actually Know about the Four-Day School Week? . Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Heyward, Georgia, McCann, Sarah, Gross, Betheny (2021) States and School Systems Can Act Now to Dismantle Silos between High School, College, and Career . Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Hill, Nancy, Gayle, Latoya (2020) Engaging Parents and Families to Support the Recovery of Districts and Schools Brief No 12 . Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Hill, Paul T, Heyward, Georgia (2017) A troubling contagion: The rural 4-day school week The Brown Center Chalkboard [BLOG]. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Hill, Paul T, Heyward, Georgia L (2018) The Contagion of the Four-Day Week School Administrator, 75(6), 34. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Hill, Paul, Heyward, Georgia (2018) A Primer on the Four-Day School Week School Administrator, 75(6), 36. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Hill, Paul, Heyward, Georgia (2018) Advice for the Move to Four Days School Administrator, 75(6), 37. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Hirsch, Eric, Emerick, Scott (2007) Teacher Working Conditions Are Student Learning Conditions: A Report on the 2006 North Carolina Teacher Working Conditions Survey , 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Hoffman, Matt (2015) 4-day school week success varies across Montana University Wire. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Holt, Laura L, Karr-Kidwell, PJ (1998) Administrative Problems in the Single-Track Year-Round High Schools: Research Findings and Guidelines , 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Holt, M (2001) Backtalk Phi Delta Kappan, 82(7), 563. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Howard, Frank R (1981) A Small School District Big on Energy Conservation Small School Forum, 3(1), 8. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Hugill, Barry (1989) Parents sue borough over four-day week The Times Educational Supplement, (3789). Ineligible context - not in United States
Hull, Ray (1980) The Small Secondary Schools: Mechanisms for Making Less Do More , 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Hurtt, Alexandria, Cohen, Kramer, Reed, Sherrie (2021) Early Pandemic Response in California: Identifying the Structural and Instructional Changes in K-12 . Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Jenkins, Joseph R, Gorrafa, Sheila (1973) The Four Day School Week: Scheduling Effects The Journal of Educational Research, 66(10), 479. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Johnston, Robert C (1997) A matter of time: Schools try four-day weeks Education Week, 17(13), 1. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Jordan, Phyllis (2022) FutureEd: In Dallas, Bold Changes to the School Calendar to Address Covid Slide FutureEd. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Karweit, Nancy (1982) Time on Task: A Research Review Report No 332 , 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Kaufman, Betsy B (1978) Education: Language and Snow Days ETC: A Review of General Semantics, 35(4), 425. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Kennedy, Mike (2018) Pueblo (Colo) City Schools adopts 4-day-a-week schedule American School & University. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Killion, Joellen (2016) Establish Time for Learning: Finding Time to Collaborate Takes Creativity and Commitment Journal of Staff Development, 37(3), 26. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Kimmet, James L (1986) Rural Inservice Using Alternate Scheduling , 1. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Klein, Alyson (2020) Smart Scheduling Puts Students’ Needs First: The principal of a school in Kentucky went back to the drawing board on his school’s schedule after hearing author Daniel Pink talk about what children really need Education Week, 39(23), 20. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Klein, Alyson (2020) There Are Smart Ways to Use Time to Aid Learning, Research Shows Why Do So Many Schools Ignore Them?: Of all the resources schools need, time may be the most underappreciated While a growing body of research offers best practices for using time wisely in schools, a range of logistical and bureaucratic barriers often get in the way Education Week, 39(23), 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Koki, Stan (1992) Modified School Schedules: A Look at the Research and the Pacific , 1. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Kopmels, Dook (1988) Primary Education in the United Kingdom Project No 8: “Innovation in Primary Education” , 1. Ineligible context - not in United States
Koumpilova, Mila (2023) Chalkbeat: The proposed Chicago school calendar for 2023-24 is out Chalkbeat. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Kraft, MA, Novicoff, S (2022) Instructional Time in US Public Schools: Wide Variation, Causal Effects, and Lost Hours . Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Krchak, Luke (2022) Opinion | Four-day school week would improve mental health for students University Wire. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Kuindzhi, N N, Mirskaia, N B, Fal’kovskaia, N M (1992) [Hygienic assessment of experimental teaching of schoolchildren: 5-day school week] Gigiena i sanitariia, (1), 35. Ineligible publication - not in English
Kuzmich, Holly (2020) Rethink the School Day and Year Sketching a New Conservative Education Agenda . Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Kuzmich, Holly (2021) Reimagining School: Rethink the School Day and Year to Better Serve Students and Families What’s Next: Policy Recommendations from the Bush Institute . Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Larson, Joanne, Duret, Eleni, Rees, Jennifer, Anderson, Jessica (2021) Challenging the Autonomous Wall: Literacy Work in an Urban High School Journal of Literacy Research, 53(2), 174 10.1177/1086296X211009279 Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Lewis, Anne C (2008) Effects of NCLB’s Focus on Reading and Math The Education Digest, 73(8), 71. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Lewis, Chance W, Dugan, James J, Winokur, Marc A, Cobb, R Brian (2005) The Effects of Block Scheduling on High School Academic Achievement National Association of Secondary School Principals NASSP Bulletin, 89(645), 72. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Lewis, Jared R, Husted, Jessica L, Haniger, Jason T, Davis, Derald E (2016) A Project Focusing on Superintendents’ Knowledge of Evidence-Based Practices of Structuring Time for Student Learning , 146. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Lieberman, Mark (2020) 6 Big Barriers to Restructuring School Schedules: Before districts can overhaul a traditional school schedule, they’re likely to face a wide variety of obstacles, including staff and parent objections, transportation challenges, and more Education Week, 39(23), 17. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Lieberman, Mark (2022) A Finance Officer Who Anticipates the Worst and Plans for the Best Education Week, 41(22). Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Litke, C Del (1994) Implementing the modified four-day school week Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 40(3), 271. Ineligible context - not in United States
Long, Cindy (2016) Four-Day School Weeks More Popular, but Impact on Students and Educators Unclear: a newspaper for members of the National Education Association NEA Today, 35(1), 22. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Lunneblad, Johannes (2017) Integration of Refugee Children and Their Families in the Swedish Preschool: Strategies, Objectives and Standards European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 25(3), 359 101080/1350293X2017.1308162 Ineligible context - not K-12 schools
Lynch, Sarah B (2021) Marking Time, Making Community in Medieval Schools History of Education Quarterly, 61(2), 158 101017/heq2021.7 Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
MacDonald, Carol (2008) District’s teachers work 5 days in 4-day school week Education Daily, 41(183), 6. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Maddy Bynes (2015) Column: A week solution for schools University Wire. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Malik, S (2021) Four-day school weeks could be a valuable alternative to hustle culture University Wire. Ineligible context - not K-12 schools
Manning, Stephen (2007) House work The Times Educational Supplement, (4741). Ineligible context - not in United States
Mansell, Warwick (2001) Minister challenged over four-day week The Times Educational Supplement, (4440), 3. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Marx, Gary E (2007) Four-Day Week Schedule Research Brief , 1. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
May, Tania, Toney, Alexandra, Collyer, Lee, Stewart, Liz, Lynn, Rebecca, Kitzke, Paula, Story, Jennifer, Guzman, Ryan (2020) Reopening Washington Schools 2020: Special Education Guidance Updated Washington Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
McCormack, Patricia M, IHM (2015) Structure the Home Environment for School Success Today’s Catholic Teacher, 48(6), 60. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
McDonnell, Maureen, Jackson, Jodi (1999) The Close Up Capital Experience: Middle Schoolers Travel to Washington, DC Clearing House, 72(6), 385. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
McGorry, Eugene, McGorry, Susan Y (1998) Intensive Scheduling: A Hybrid Model for the Junior High Clearing House, 71(3), 149. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
McPartland, James M, And Others (1987) School Structures and Classroom Practices in Elementary, Middle, and Secondary Schools Report No 14 , 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
McShane, Michael Q (2021) Hybrid Homeschooling: A Guide to the Future of Education . Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Meade, Edward J, Jr (1985) School-Focused Development of Teachers On-the-Job , 1. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Megan Austin, Zena Rudo and Ryan Williams (2020) District Changes in Student Achievement and Local Practice under Georgia’s District and School Flexibility Policy Appendixes REL 2021-051 . Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Miles, Karen Hawley (2019) Seizing the Moment for Transformation: Nine Ways School Systems Can Restructure Resources for Student Success , 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Monk, David H (1988) Disparities in Curricular Offerings: Issues and Policy Alternatives for Small Rural Schools Policy Issues , 1. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Moore, Deborah P (2011) Saving Money School Planning & Management, 50(6), 6. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Morales, Tammie Arlene (2018) Raising the Bar for Student Success: A Comparative Study of Traditional versus Non-Traditional School Calendars and Student Academic Achievement , 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Mrowka, Karyn Anne Kowalski (2014) Academic Stress in an Achievement Driven Era: Time and School Culture , 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Muir, Mike (2013) The Four Day School Week Research Brief , 1. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Mulholland, Rosie, McKinlay, Andy, Sproule, John (2017) Teachers in Need of Space: The Content and Changing Context of Work Educational Review, 69(2), 181 101080/001319112016.1184131 Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Murrell-Speed, Donna L (2006) History shows it’s worth considering in some schools American Teacher, 90(5), 4. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Musson, Mia (2023) Independence Schools shifting to a four-day school week University Wire. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
National Education Association of the United States (1987) Year-Round Schools “What Research Says About:” Series, Number 8 National Education Association Data-Search , 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
National Education Commission on Time and Learning (1994) Prisoners of Time , 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Nazareno, Lori (2016) 4 Steps for Redesigning Time for Student and Teacher Learning Phi Delta Kappan, 98(4), 21 10.1177/0031721716681772 Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
New Jersey State Department of Education (1980) Energy Conservation Guidelines - 1: District Level Plan for Conservation , 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Newstex (2015) Eye On Boise: Examining the four-day school week, as more Idaho districts adopt it Eye on Boise [The Spokesman-Review, Coeur d’Alene, Idaho - BLOG]. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Newstex (2015) Eye On Boise: New study finds four-day school weeks don’t save school districts money Eye on Boise [The Spokesman-Review, Coeur d’Alene, Idaho - BLOG]. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Newstex (2015) Eye On Boise: One Idaho school district debates switching back from 4-day week to five Eye on Boise [The Spokesman-Review, Coeur d’Alene, Idaho - BLOG]. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Newstex (2015) Eye On Boise: Ybarra unconcerned about 4-day school weeks, says it’s a local decision Eye on Boise [The Spokesman-Review, Coeur d’Alene, Idaho - BLOG]. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Nowakowski, James A (1980) Hidden Opportunities in Declining Enrollments American School and University, 52(8), 40. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
O’Laughlin, Jeanne (1982) Future of Catholic Schools: A Perception Education, 102(4), 322. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
O’Neil, I Riley, Adamson, David R (1993) When Less Is More , 39. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
OECD (2011) Quality Time for Students: Learning in and out of School , 272. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
OECD (2016) How Is Learning Time Organised in Primary and Secondary Education? Education Indicators in Focus No 38 , 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Oberle, Eva, Zeni, Megan, Munday, Fritha, Brussoni, Mariana (2021) Support Factors and Barriers for Outdoor Learning in Elementary Schools: A Systemic Perspective American Journal of Health Education, 52(5), 251 101080/193250372021.1955232 Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Ondrasek, Naomi, Truong, Natalie, Edgerton, Adam K (2021) Marin County: Leveraging Education and Public Health Partnerships to Support School Reopening Research Brief . Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
PROUTY, ROBERT STEWART (1987) MATHEMATICS ACHIEVEMENT AND SELF-ESTEEM AT SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ZAIRE: THE EFFECTS OF PRINCIPALS’ EMPHASIS ON INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP , 219. Ineligible context - not in United States
Paskill, Ashley (2022) Back To School: The Nanny Conundrum University Wire. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Peetz, Caitlynn (2022) The Learning Recovery Strategy Districts Are Overlooking Education Week, 42(14). Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Perreault, George, Isaacson, Nancy (1996) Learning from Schools with Restructured Schedules Clearing House, 69(5), 265. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Peña, Mauricio (2023) Chalkbeat: Chicago Public Schools will start before Labor day this fall Chalkbeat. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Phi Delta Kappan (2018) The 50th Annual PDK Poll of the Public’s Attitudes toward the Public Schools Teaching: Great Respect, Dwindling Appeal Phi Delta Kappan, 100(1), 1 10.1177/0031721718797117 Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Plucker, Jonathan A, Cierniak, Katherine, Chamberlin, Molly (2012) The Four-Day School Week: Nine Years Later . Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Poe, Hannah, Craighead, Hank (2009) Four-Day School Weeks? Scholastic News, 77(19), 7. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Pompeo, Joe (1981) Here’s a Four-day Week That Works American School Board Journal, 168(11), 37. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Prater, Jake (2022) West Nodaway, Nodaway-Holt switch to four-day school week in hopes of bringing in more teachers University Wire. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Pérez, Erika (2023) CPS high school students return to classrooms after more than a year of virtual learning University Wire. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Rasenberger, Willy, Rasenberger, Jack (2005) DEBATE OF THE WEEK: A Four-Day School Week? Scholastic News, 68(7), 7. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Rasenberger, Willy, Rasenberger, Jack (2005) DEBATE of the Week: Four-day School Week? Scholastic News, 74(7), 7. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Raygor, Brian J (2017) Elementary Science Instruction: Analysis of Teacher Self-Efficacy, Teacher Experience, Schedule Structure, Instructional Time, and Student Achievement , 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Reeves, Cynthia, Emerick, Scott, Hirsch, Eric (2006) Creating Non-Instructional Time for Elementary School Teachers: Strategies from Schools in North Carolina , 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Reeves, Kimberly (1999) The four-day school week School Administrator, 56(3), 30. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Reinhard, Mary Jo (2017) Pagosa Springs Elementary School: A Study of Teachers’ Collaborative Use of Time Teachers’ Time: Collaborating for Learning, Teaching, and Leading , 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Richard, Alan (2002) Rural schools see dividends in four-day week Education Week, 22(4), 6. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Richburg, Robert W, Sjogren, Douglas D (1983) The Four-Day Week— What Are the Advantages for Schools? NASSP Bulletin, 67(459), 60 10.1177/019263658306745911 Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Riley, Richard W, Peterson, Terry K (2009) Before the “Either-Or” Era: Reviving Bipartisanship to Improve America’s Schools Education Digest: Essential Readings Condensed for Quick Review, 74(5), 9. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Robles, Yesenia (2023) Chalkbeat: Four-day school week in 27J schools had negative impacts, study suggests Chalkbeat. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Rosenberg, Merri (2015) What Math Says About Four-Day Week Savings School Administrator, 72(1), 30. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Rowland, Judy (2014) How Does Education in My State Compare? What Every Governor, Chief, Legislator, or Other Elected Official Needs to Know? , 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Rozny Sarah (2020) First Person: An unexpected goodbye Phi Delta Kappan, 102(2), 58 10.1177/0031721720963235 Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Ruppanner, Leah (2013) Conflict between Work and Family: An Investigation of Four Policy Measures Social Indicators Research, 110(1), 327 10.1007/s11205-011-9933-3 Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Rury, John L (1988) The Variable School Year: Measuring Differences in the Length of American School Terms in 1900 Journal of Research and Development in Education, 21(3), 29. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Ryan, Molly (2009) Four-Day School Week . Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Sawchuk, Stephen (2021) 4-Day School Weeks: New Research Examines the Benefits and Drawbacks Education Week, 41(11). Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Schank, Susan Kneib, York, Paula (2009) Should schools adopt four-day schedules? American Teacher, 93(8), 3. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Schwartz, Brooke (2017) Review committee discusses 13-week schedule, four day school week University Wire. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Schwartz, Heather L, Diliberti, Melissa Kay (2021) School Districts Have Expanded Their Nonacademic Services for 2021-2022, While Academic Offerings Remain Much the Same: Selected Findings from the Third American School District Panel Survey Data Note: Insights from the American Educator Panels Research Report RR-A956-4 . Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Schwartz, Heather L, Diliberti, Melissa Kay, Berdie, Lisa, Grant, David, Hunter, Gerald P, Setodji, Claude Messan (2021) Urban and Rural Districts Showed a Strong Divide during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results from the Second American School District Panel Survey Research Report RR-A956-2 . Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Schwartz, Sarah (2022) Schools Want to ‘Accelerate’ Student Learning Here’s What That Means Education Week, 41(27). Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Schwartzbeck, Terri Duggan (2003) Declining Counties, Declining School Enrollments , 1. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Scott, Victor (1999) Time and Civility: Sounding Board American School Board Journal, 186(1), 43. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Shultz, Glen F (1982) An Addendum to Kindergarten Scheduling: Full Day - Alternate Days or Half Day - Every Day A Follow-Up Report , 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Silva, Elena (2010) Rebuild It and They Will Come Educational Leadership, 67(8), 60. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Sorensen, Joshua (2009) The perceived effects of a four-day workweek and employer-sponsored child care on affective organizational commitment , 37. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Sparks, Sarah D (2018) School Schedules: “What Do We Actually Know About the Four-Day School Week?” Education Week, 37(35). Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Sparks, Sarah D (2020) Time and Schools: What the Research Says: A number of studies over the past decade offer best practices and solutions for making better use of time in the school day to aid student learning Education Week honed in on several that have definitive findings and focus on areas that might be actionable and effective for K-12 Education Week, 39(23), 16. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Sparks, Sarah D (2021) What’s the Least Risky Hybrid Model to Bring Students Back to School? Education Week, 40(26). Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Sparks, Sarah D (2023) 4 Studies to Know on 4-Day School Weeks Education Week, 42(25). Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Special Commission on Early Childhood (1995) Children First: A Plan for an Early Care and Education System for Massachusetts Report of the Special Commission on Early Childhood , 1. Ineligible context - not K-12 schools
Spencer, Carol J, And Others (1983) Manage the Development of Master Schedules Module LT-B-3 of Category B–Instructional Management Competency-Based Vocational Education Administrator Module Series , 1. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Statistical Division of the Bureau of Education (1920) Private High Schools and Academies, 1917-18 Bulletin, 1920, No 3 Bureau of Education, Department of the Interior, 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Stewart, William (2003) Desperately seeking L25 billion The Times Educational Supplement, (4531), 10. Ineligible context - not in United States
Stuckman, Jeffrey A (1981) The Four-Day Operational Week Experience at Florida Junior College (FJC): Report of Evaluation Process Study , 1. Ineligible context - not K-12 schools
Szelag, Brittney, Alvarado, Andrew (2004) Four-day school week? Scholastic News, 66(4), 7. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
THE World Universities Insights Limited (2019) The four-day week: will it catch on in academia? Times Higher Education, (THE 2404). Ineligible context - not K-12 schools
Taie, Soheyla, Goldring, Rebecca (2019) Characteristics of Public and Private Elementary and Secondary Schools in the United States: Results from the 2017-18 National Teacher and Principal Survey First Look NCES 2019-140 , 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
The Collegian (2016) The state of Oklahoma schools: the four day week 31 October 2016 University Wire. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
The Surnmerbridge National Project (1993) Summerbridge San Francisco Established 1978 at San Francisco University High School Information Packet , 1. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
The University of the State of New York (1978) A Study of School Calendars , 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
The University of the State of New York (1978) Energy Saving Practices in Schools Technical Report No 4 of a Study of School Calendars , 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
The University of the State of New York (1978) Energy Sources, Costs and Availability Technical Report No 1 of a Study of School Calendars , 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
The University of the State of New York (1978) Learning, Retention and Forgetting Technical Report No 5 of a Study of School Calendars , 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
The University of the State of New York (1978) School Calendars and Energy Use Technical Report No 3 of a Study of School Calendars A Study of the Energy Implications of Nine School Calendars in “Typical” New York State Elementary Schools , 1. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
The University of the State of New York (1978) Teacher Attendance Patterns Technical Report No 7 of a Study of School Calendars , 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Thompson, Paul N (2021) The Shrinking School Week: Effects of a four-day schedule on student achievement Education Next. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Thompson, Paul, Morton, Emily (2021) 4-day school weeks: Educational innovation or detriment? The Brown Center Chalkboard [BLOG]. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Turner, Jon (2022) Missouri suburban district copies rural four-day school week strategy to attract teachers University Wire. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
UWIRE Text (2016) Stanley County School Board won’t consider 5-day school week University Wire. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Uloop, Inc (2019) When Five Days Becomes Four University Wire. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Veil, J (2022) Four is better than five: A push for a four-day school week University Wire. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Virginia Department of Education (1992) Instructional Time and Student Learning: A Study of the School Calendar and Instructional Time , 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Vokey, Scott (2022) Can local governments embrace a four-day week? Municipal World, 132(7), 11. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Vu, Connie, Miles, Alexander (2014) DeBaTe: Should the School Week Be Shorter? Scholastic News, 83(3), 7. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Wahlstrom, Kyla L (1999) The Prickly Politics of School Starting Times Phi Delta Kappan, 80(5), 344. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Waite, Mary G (1926) The Kindergarten in Certain City School Surveys Bulletin, 1926, No 13 Bureau of Education, Department of the Interior, 1. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Ward, Helen (2003) Essex snubs Easter schools The Times Educational Supplement, (4532), 12. Ineligible context - not in United States
Wasley, Patricia A (1997) Alternative Schedules: What, How, and to What End? Our Children, 22(5), 38. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Watts, Gary D, Castle, Shari (1993) The Time Dilemma in School Restructuring , 306. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Weisburg, Hilda K, Toor, Ruth (2004) We’re going to flexible scheduling – Now what? School Librarian’s Workshop, 25(2), 9. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
White, Madison (2018) Tarleton students get five day weekend University Wire. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
White, William D (1993) Why a Year Round School District Moved from a Multi-Track to a Single Track Operation , 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Whittle, Chris (2005) Crash Course: Imagining a Better Future for Public Education Luncheon Series , 1. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Windes, Eustace E (1927) Bibliography of Studies in Secondary Education Bulletin, 1927, No 27 Bureau of Education, Department of the Interior, 1. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Wolfe, Frank (2008) More districts consider switching to 4-day school week Education Daily, 41(151), 3. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Wolfe, Frank (2011) Learning time received policymakers’ attention Education Daily, 44(222), 1. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Wolgemuth, Jennifer R, Cobb, R Brian, Winokur, Marc A, Leech, Nancy, Ellerby, Dick (2006) Comparing Longitudinal Academic Achievement of Full-Day and Half-Day Kindergarten Students Journal of Educational Research, 99(5), 260. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Wolk, Ronald A (2011) Wasting Minds: Why Our Education System Is Failing and What We Can Do about It , 202. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Woods, Julie Rowland (2015) Instructional Time Trends Education Trends , 1. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Wormeli, Rick (2016) What to Do in Week One? Educational Leadership, 74(1), 10. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Young, Charles F, Gonzales, Lisa M (2017) Using Questions To Blow the Lid Off What’s Possible School Administrator, 74(10), 15. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Young, Raymond J, Berger, Donald E (1983) Evaluation of a Year-Round Junior High School Operation NASSP Bulletin, 67(459), 53. Ineligible concept - not four-day school week
Zehr, Mary Ann (2001) Wyo District Board adopts 4-day week Education Week, 20(33), 4. Ineligible study design - not empirical research
Zubrzycki, Jaclyn (2012) School Schedule: “Does Shortening the School Week Impact Student Performance? Evidence From the Four-Day School Week” Education Week, 31(24), 5. Ineligible study design - not empirical research

8.2 Appendix 2. List of Studies Awaiting Classification

Study Reason
Aksianova, E A, Syrtsova, M A (1991) [Hygienic assessment of the organization of teaching of lower classes during a 5-day school week] Gigiena i sanitariia, (9), 55. Could not locate document
Anonymous (1981) Conference Proceedings: Annual Colorado Conference on Rural Education (1st, Ft Collins, Colorado, June 7-8, 1981) , 1. Could not locate document
Anonymous (1999) Resources for Planning the School Calendar, 2000-2001 , 108. Could not locate document
Anonymous (2011) Schools Break the Mold to Produce Graduates Ready for Success in College and Careers Southern Regional Education Board (SREB), 1. Could not locate document
Bathurst, Effie G, Davis, Mary Dabney, Gabbard, Hazel, Mackintosh, Helen K, Patterson, Don S (1949) Organization and Supervision of Elementary Education in 100 Cities Bulletin, 1949, No 11 Office of Education, Federal Security Agency, 1. Could not locate document
Burke, Richard J (1978) Effective Cash Management for Schools: The Budget as a Control Document Momentum, 9(4), 16. Could not locate document
Cawelti, Gordon (1997) Effects of High School Restructuring: Ten Schools at Work ERS Concerns in Education Series , 1. Could not locate document
Goryński, P, Polus-Szeniawska, E, Sierpień, Z, Tarnowska, L, Zdunkiewicz, L (1983) [Changes in the disposition to work during the 5-day school week] Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny, 34(2), 209. Could not locate document
Howell, Vicki T (1988) An Examination of Year-Round Education: Pros and Cons That Challenge Schooling in America , 1. Could not locate document
Igasaki, G (1972) [5-day-week system and the school] [Kango kyoiku] Japanese journal of nurses’ education, 13(9), 559. Could not locate document
Nowak, B (1958) [5-Day school week; contribution to its medical aspects] Der Offentliche Gesundheitsdienst, 20(4), 127. Could not locate document
Nowakowski, James A (1980) IIRP: The Human Factor Momentum, 11(2), 20. Could not locate document
Sisco, Frankie H, Anderson, Richard J (1978) Current findings regarding the performance of deaf children on the WISC-R American Annals of the Deaf, 123115. Could not locate document
Stiverson, C L (1982) Colorado’s Alternative School Calendar Program Rural Educator, 3(3), 25. Could not locate document
Van Roekel, Dennis (2011) Facing a New Reality: a newspaper for members of the National Education Association NEA Today, 9. Could not locate document
Vaughns, A J (1996) School Renewal and Non-Instructional Time for Teachers: Profiles From the National Network for Educational Renewal Professional Practice Series , 1. Could not locate document
Wolfe, Frank (2008) 4-day school week gains popularity as prices surge Education Grants Alert, 5(5), 1. Could not locate document
Zdunkiewicz, L, Goryński, P, Polus-Szeniawska, E (1985) [Changes in the psychophysical fitness of schoolchildren during a 5-day school week] Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny, 36(5), 411. Could not locate document

8.3 Appendix 3. Characteristics of Included Studies

Study

Akins 2022

Title

Four-Day Modified School Systems in Rural Oklahoma

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

Not Reported

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

Not Reported

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Oklahoma

Fifth Day Activity

Student Instruction; Nothing (shut down school)

Study Design

Not Applicable

Outcome Domain Studied

Not Reported

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Acceptability

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Administrators, Teachers

Citation(s)

Akins, Bryan (2022) Four-Day Modified School Systems in Rural Oklahoma Electronic Theses and Dissertations.

Study

Amys 2016

Title

The four-day school week: Research on extended weekends

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

2015-2016

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Not Reported

Grade Level

Not Reported

Student Race/Ethnicity

White

State(s)

Montana

Fifth Day Activity

Student Instruction

Study Design

Not Applicable

Outcome Domain Studied

Not Reported

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Acceptability

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Administrators, Coaches, Parents, Students, Teachers

Citation(s)

Amys, Ryan Donald (2016) The four-day school week: Research on extended weekends , 128.

Study

Anderson 2015

Title

Does Shortening the School Week Impact Student Performance? Evidence from the Four-Day School Week

Publication Type

Journal

Data Years

2000-2010

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Elementary

Grade Level

4; 5

Student Race/Ethnicity

Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish; White

State(s)

Colorado

Fifth Day Activity

Nothing (shut down school)

Study Design

Difference-in-Differences

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Anderson, D Mark, Walker, Mary Beth (2015) Does Shortening the School Week Impact Student Performance? Evidence from the Four-Day School Week Education Finance and Policy, 10(3), 314 10.1162/EDFP_a_00165

Study

Anglum 2021

Title

Keeping Up With the Joneses: District Adoption of the 4-Day School Week in Rural Missouri

Publication Type

Journal

Data Years

2010-2019

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural; Suburban; Urban

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

Black or African American; Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish; White

State(s)

Missouri

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Not Applicable

Outcome Domain Studied

Not Reported

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Priority; Resource

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Anglum, J Cameron, Park, Aaron (2021) Keeping Up With the Joneses: District Adoption of the 4-Day School Week in Rural Missouri AERA Open, 723328584211002842 10.1177/23328584211002842

Study

Baker 2021

Title

Modernizing the School Calendar to Fit the Needs of the 21st-Century Student

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

2014-2019

Community Type (Rurality)

Not Reported

Education Level of Schools

Middle

Grade Level

7; 8

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Missouri

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Before-After Study

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement; Attendance

Equity Domain Studied

Age or Grade Level

Evidence Domain Studied

Acceptability; Effectiveness; Feasibility; Resource

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Principals, Teachers

Citation(s)

Baker, David K (2021) Modernizing the School Calendar to Fit the Needs of the 21st-Century Student , 143.

Study

Barber 2022

Title

Essays on Effects of Public Policies

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

2006-2022

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural; Suburban; Urban

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Oklahoma

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Difference-in-Differences

Outcome Domain Studied

Staff/Teacher Retention

Equity Domain Studied

Community Type (Rurality)

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Barber, Andrew (2022) Essays on Effects of Public Policies, 142.

Barber, A (2018) Four-Day School: Too Legit to Quit? Labor Supply Responses to the Adoption of Compressed School Weeks.

Study

Barzee 2020

Title

Academic Impact of Rural Idaho Schools on the Four-Day School Week: A Quantitative Research Study

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

2014-2019

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish; White

State(s)

Idaho

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Between Groups - Without Controls

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement

Equity Domain Studied

Race/Ethnicity; SES

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Barzee, Spencer (2020) Academic Impact of Rural Idaho Schools on the Four-Day School Week: A Quantitative Research Study , 137.

Study

Bell 2011

Title

Can the 4-day school week work: An analysis of the impact of the 4-day school week on a rural Georgia school district

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

2008-2010

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

Black or African American; Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish; White; Other

State(s)

Georgia

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Before-After Study

Outcome Domain Studied

Attendance

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Acceptability; Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Administrators, Teachers

Citation(s)

Bell, Jeffrey L (2011) Can the 4-day school week work: An analysis of the impact of the 4-day school week on a rural Georgia school district , 120.

Study

Blackadar 1986

Title

Cotopaxi/Westcliffe Follow Through Project. Final Evaluation Report

Publication Type

Report

Data Years

Not Reported

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Elementary

Grade Level

1; 2; 3; 4

Student Race/Ethnicity

White; Other

State(s)

Colorado

Fifth Day Activity

Teacher In-Service

Study Design

Before-After Study

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement; School Climate; School Disciplinary Incidents

Equity Domain Studied

Age or Grade Level

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness; Feasibility; Resource

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Blackadar, Ann Riley, Nachtigal, Paul (1986) Cotopaxi/Westcliffe Follow Through Project Final Evaluation Report , 1.

Study

Braun 2018

Title

The Impact of a Four-Day School Week on High School Student College Readiness and District Financial Savings

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

2014-2018

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

Black or African American; Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish; White

State(s)

Kansas

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Matched Pair Design

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement

Equity Domain Studied

Race/Ethnicity; SES

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness; Resource

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Braun, LM (2018) The Impact of a Four-Day School Week on High School Student College Readiness and District Financial Savings .

Study

Bronson 2010

Title

Investigation of the four-day school week

Publication Type

Student: Masters Thesis

Data Years

2009-2010

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Oregon

Fifth Day Activity

Teacher In-Service; Nothing (shut down school)

Study Design

Not Applicable

Outcome Domain Studied

Not Reported

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Acceptability

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Administrators, Community Members, Parents, Students, Teachers

Citation(s)

Bronson, Elizabeth L (2010) Investigation of the four-day school week , 73.

Study

Brunjes 1996

Title

A study of alternative high school scheduling

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

Not Reported

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

High

Grade Level

9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Arizona; Colorado; Missouri; New Mexico; North Carolina; Oregon

Fifth Day Activity

Teacher In-Service; Nothing (shut down school)

Study Design

Not Applicable

Outcome Domain Studied

Not Reported

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Feasibility

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Brunjes, Patricia Kelley (1996) A study of alternative high school scheduling , 166.

Study

Burns 2021

Title

Effectiveness of isolation policies in schools: evidence from a mathematical model of influenza and COVID-19.

Publication Type

Journal

Data Years

Not Reported

Community Type (Rurality)

Not Reported

Education Level of Schools

Not Reported

Grade Level

Not Reported

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Not Reported

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Computational Model

Outcome Domain Studied

Health

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Burns, Adam A C, Gutfraind, Alexander (2021) Effectiveness of isolation policies in schools: evidence from a mathematical model of influenza and COVID-19 PeerJ, 9e11211 107717/peerj.11211

Burns, Adam A C, Gutfraind, Alexander (2020) Effectiveness of Isolation Policies in Schools: Evidence from a Mathematical Model of Influenza and COVID-19, 101101/20200326.20044750

Study

Byerly 2019

Title

The Impact of the Four-Day School Week, District Financial Decisions, and Characteristics on Teacher Retention

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

2013-2017

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural; Suburban; Urban

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Oklahoma

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Between Groups - With Controls

Outcome Domain Studied

Staff/Teacher Retention

Equity Domain Studied

Community Type (Rurality)

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness; Resource

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Byerly, Channa (2019) The Impact of the Four-Day School Week, District Financial Decisions, and Characteristics on Teacher Retention .

Study

Carter 2013

Title

The school leader and policymaker's guide to a four-day school week: Considerations, implementation, tools, and best practice

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

2013

Community Type (Rurality)

Not Reported

Education Level of Schools

Not Reported

Grade Level

Not Reported

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Missouri

Fifth Day Activity

Teacher In-Service; Nothing (shut down school)

Study Design

Not Applicable

Outcome Domain Studied

Not Reported

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Feasibility

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Carter, Gregory, Hull, Lisa Suzanne, Odneal, Becky, Roling, Tim (2013) The school leader and policymaker's guide to a four-day school week: Considerations, implementation, tools, and best practice , 93.

Study

Charlton 1983

Title

A Study of Colorado's Four-Day School Week Program As It Relates to Utilization of School Facilities

Publication Type

Student: Masters Thesis

Data Years

Not Reported

Community Type (Rurality)

Not Reported

Education Level of Schools

Not Reported

Grade Level

Not Reported

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Colorado

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Not Applicable

Outcome Domain Studied

Not Reported

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Feasibility

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Charlton, Colleen A (1983) A Study of Colorado's Four-Day School Week Program As It Relates to Utilization of School Facilities , 1.

Study

Collins 2019

Title

The Impact of Four-Day School Weeks and Fifth-Day Programs on Delinquency and Problem Behaviors in Adolescents

Publication Type

Student: Undergraduate Thesis

Data Years

2004-2016

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Middle; High

Grade Level

6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

American Indian and/or Alaska Native; Asian; Black or African American; Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish; Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander; White

State(s)

Colorado

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Difference-in-Differences

Outcome Domain Studied

Attendance; Criminal Activity; School Disciplinary Incidents

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Collins, Emily (2019) The Impact of Four-Day School Weeks and Fifth-Day Programs on Delinquency and Problem Behaviors in Adolescents Scripps Senior Theses.

Study

Cooley 2016

Title

Weekends as social distancing and their effect on the spread of influenza

Publication Type

Journal

Data Years

Not Reported

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural; Suburban; Urban

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

White

State(s)

Illinois

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Computational Model

Outcome Domain Studied

Health

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness; Resource

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Cooley, Philip C, Bartsch, Sarah M, Brown, Shawn T, Wheaton, William D, Wagener, Diane K, Lee, Bruce Y (2016) Weekends as social distancing and their effect on the spread of influenza Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory, 22(1), 71 10.1007/s10588-015-9198-5

Study

Crook 2022

Title

A Quantitative Study of the Impact of Four-Day School Weeks on Teacher Retention in Rural Public School Districts

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

2018-2020

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Idaho

Fifth Day Activity

Nothing (shut down school)

Study Design

Between Groups - Without Controls

Outcome Domain Studied

Staff/Teacher Retention

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Crook, Rebecca Walters (2022) A Quantitative Study of the Impact of Four-Day School Weeks on Teacher Retention in Rural Public School Districts , 154.

Study

Dailey 2019

Title

Effects of the 4-Day School Week on School Performance in Missouri High Schools

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

2017-2018

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural; Urban

Education Level of Schools

High

Grade Level

9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Missouri

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Matched Pair Design

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement; Attainment; Attendance

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Dailey, HB (2019) Effects of the 4-Day School Week on School Performance in Missouri High Schools .

Study

Daleske 2020

Title

Comparing Student Achievement and School Climate in Four-Day and Five-Day Secondary Schools in Missouri

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

2015-2016

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

High

Grade Level

Not Reported

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Missouri

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Between Groups - Without Controls

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement; Attendance; School Climate

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Daleske, William Gordon (2020) Comparing Student Achievement and School Climate in Four-Day and Five-Day Secondary Schools in Missouri , 133.

Study

Daly 1984

Title

Student Achievement in the Four-Day School Week

Publication Type

Report

Data Years

Not Reported

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle

Grade Level

3; 4; 5; 6; 7

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Colorado

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Between Groups - Without Controls

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement

Equity Domain Studied

Age or Grade Level

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Daly, Joseph L, Richburg, Robert W (1984) Student Achievement in the Four-Day School Week .

Study

Dam 2006

Title

The 4 Day School Week

Publication Type

Report

Data Years

2006

Community Type (Rurality)

Not Reported

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Colorado

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Not Applicable

Outcome Domain Studied

Not Reported

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Acceptability; Feasibility; Resource

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Community Members, Parents, Students, Teachers

Citation(s)

Dam, Ai (2006) The 4 Day School Week , 1.

Study

Dolezal 2018

Title

Students' Scores and Attendance: A Study of South Dakota Schools with Four-Day Schedules

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

Not Reported

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

American Indian and/or Alaska Native; Asian; Black or African American; Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish; White; Other

State(s)

South Dakota

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Before-After Study

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement; Attendance

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Dolezal, Dennis W (2018) Students' Scores and Attendance: A Study of South Dakota Schools with Four-Day Schedules , 74.

Study

Domier 2009

Title

Every second counts: School week and achievement.

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

2005-2008

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Elementary

Grade Level

3

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Colorado

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Between Groups - Without Controls

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness; Resource

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Domier, Paddy Sertich (2010) Every second counts: School week and achievement , 702315.

Study

Duchscherer 2011

Title

A Case Study: Transitioning From A Five-Day School Week To A Four-Day School Week

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

Not Reported

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Minnesota

Fifth Day Activity

Nothing (shut down school)

Study Design

Not Applicable

Outcome Domain Studied

Not Reported

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Acceptability; Feasibility

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Athletic Director, Principals, School Board Member, Superintendent

Citation(s)

Duchscherer, Brian (2011) A Case Study: Transitioning From A Five-Day School Week To A Four-Day School Week Theses and Dissertations.

Study

Estes 2021

Title

An Exploration of Unintended Effects of Education Policies in the United States

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

2010-2018

Community Type (Rurality)

Not Reported

Education Level of Schools

High

Grade Level

Not Reported

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Colorado; Idaho; Kansas; Missouri; New Mexico; Oklahoma; South Dakota; Wyoming

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Difference-in-Differences

Outcome Domain Studied

Health

Equity Domain Studied

Sex/Gender

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Estes, Kevin (2021) An Exploration of Unintended Effects of Education Policies in the United States , 168.

Study

Fagergren 2003

Title

The Four-Day School Week: An Examination of Long-Term Student Achievement at the Middle and Secondary Levels

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

1979-1994

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Middle; High

Grade Level

8; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Arizona

Fifth Day Activity

Nothing (shut down school)

Study Design

Before-After Study

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement

Equity Domain Studied

Age or Grade Level

Evidence Domain Studied

Acceptability; Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Community Members, Parents

Citation(s)

Fagergren, Peter J (2003) The Four-Day School Week: An Examination of Long-Term Student Achievement at the Middle and Secondary Levels .

Study

Farber 2023

Title

A Quasi-Experimental Study Comparing Work-Life Balance and Turnover Intentions Among Rural Oklahoma Classroom Teachers Working Four-Day and Five-Day School Weeks

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

2022

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

American Indian and/or Alaska Native; Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish; White; Other

State(s)

Oklahoma

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Between Groups - Without Controls

Outcome Domain Studied

Staff/Teacher Retention

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Farber, Misty Dawn (2023) A Quasi-Experimental Study Comparing Work-Life Balance and Turnover Intentions Among Rural Oklahoma Classroom Teachers Working Four-Day and Five-Day School Weeks , 140.

Study

Farris 2013

Title

The four-day school week: Teacher perceptions in a rural/secondary setting

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

2004-2006, 2011-2012

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

High

Grade Level

9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Idaho

Fifth Day Activity

Nothing (shut down school)

Study Design

Descriptive Statistics Only

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement; Attendance

Equity Domain Studied

Age or Grade Level

Evidence Domain Studied

Acceptability; Effectiveness; Feasibility

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Teachers

Citation(s)

Farris, Brandon (2013) The four-day school week: Teacher perceptions in a rural/secondary setting , 100.

Study

Fay 2019

Title

The Four-Day School Week: Teacher Retention and Recruitment, Perceptions, and Achievement

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

2017-2018

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

White; Other

State(s)

Missouri

Fifth Day Activity

Teacher In-Service

Study Design

Between Groups - Without Controls

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement; Staff/Teacher Retention

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Acceptability; Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Principals, Teachers

Citation(s)

Fay, Peter Damian (2019) The Four-Day School Week: Teacher Retention and Recruitment, Perceptions, and Achievement , 127.

Study

Feaster 2002

Title

The effects of the four -day school week in Custer, South Dakota

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

1994-2002

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

South Dakota

Fifth Day Activity

Nothing (shut down school)

Study Design

Descriptive Statistics Only

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement; Attendance

Equity Domain Studied

Age or Grade Level

Evidence Domain Studied

Acceptability; Effectiveness; Feasibility

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Administrators, Community Members, Parents, Staff, Students, Teachers

Citation(s)

Feaster, Rebecca Ann (2002) The effects of the four -day school week in Custer, South Dakota , 121.

Study

Feldhausen 1981

Title

The 4-Day School Week: A Partial Solution to Today's Energy Crisis and Declining State Funding to Education

Publication Type

Report

Data Years

1975, 1980-1981

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; High

Grade Level

Not Reported

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Washington

Fifth Day Activity

Teacher In-Service; Nothing (shut down school)

Study Design

Not Applicable

Outcome Domain Studied

Not Reported

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Acceptability; Feasibility; Resource

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Counselor, Principals, Teachers

Citation(s)

Feldhausen, Thomas (1981) The 4-Day School Week: A Partial Solution to Today's Energy Crisis and Declining State Funding to Education , 1.

Study

Fischer 2018

Title

Juvenile crime and the four-day school week

Publication Type

Journal

Data Years

1997-2014

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

High

Grade Level

9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

White

State(s)

Colorado

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Difference-in-Differences

Outcome Domain Studied

Criminal Activity

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Fischer, Stefanie, Argyle, Daniel (2018) Juvenile crime and the four-day school week Economics of Education Review, 6431 101016/jeconedurev201803.010

Argyle, Daniel Wecker (2014) Essays on Social Influences in Economic Decision Making, 151.

Fischer, Stefanie Jane (2015) Essays on Human and Social Capital Accumulation, 144.

Study

Giger 2012

Title

The Impact of the Four-day School Week on Student Achievement

Publication Type

Student: Masters Thesis

Data Years

2008-2011

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Elementary

Grade Level

3; 4; 5

Student Race/Ethnicity

American Indian and/or Alaska Native; Asian; Black or African American; Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish; White

State(s)

Missouri

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Before-After Study

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Giger, M (2012) The Impact of the Four-day School Week on Student Achievement .

Study

Goldring 2020

Title

Shortened School Weeks in U.S. Public Schools. Data Point. NCES 2020-011

Publication Type

Report

Data Years

2017-2018

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural; Suburban; Urban

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Arizona; California; Colorado; Idaho; Minnesota; Missouri; Montana; Nevada; New Mexico; North Dakota; Oklahoma; Oregon; South Dakota; Wyoming

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Not Applicable

Outcome Domain Studied

Not Reported

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Priority

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Goldring, Rebecca (2020) Shortened School Weeks in US Public Schools Data Point NCES 2020-011 .

Study

Gower 2017

Title

Interpreting the Impact of the Four-Day School Week: An Examination of Performance Before and After Switching to the Four-Day School Week

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

2010-2016

Community Type (Rurality)

Not Reported

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Missouri

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Before-After Study

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement; Attainment; Attendance

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Acceptability; Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Administrators, Teachers

Citation(s)

Gower, Matthew Lee (2017) Interpreting the Impact of the Four-Day School Week: An Examination of Performance Before and After Switching to the Four-Day School Week , 193.

Study

Grant 2016

Title

Assessing Barriers and Enhancers to Increasing Physical Activity during the School Day in Children on an American Indian Reservation: A Qualitative Research Study.

Publication Type

Journal

Data Years

2011

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Elementary

Grade Level

4; 5; 6

Student Race/Ethnicity

American Indian and/or Alaska Native; White

State(s)

Montana

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Not Applicable

Outcome Domain Studied

Not Reported

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Acceptability; Feasibility

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Adults (teachers, school staff, parents, elders, and community members)

Citation(s)

Grant, Vernon, Swaney, Gyda, Harris, Kari Jo, Burdeau, Zebah, Brown, Blakely (2016) Assessing Barriers and Enhancers to Increasing Physical Activity during the School Day in Children on an American Indian Reservation: A Qualitative Research Study Health behavior and policy review, 3(5), 429 1014485/hbpr35.3

Study

Grau 1987

Title

The Four Day School Week: An Investigation and Analysis

Publication Type

Report

Data Years

1982-1986

Community Type (Rurality)

Not Reported

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle

Grade Level

3; 5; 8

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

New Mexico

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Descriptive Statistics Only

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Grau, Elnabeth, Shaughnessy, Michael F (1987) The Four Day School Week: An Investigation and Analysis .

Study

Griffith 2011

Title

What Savings Are Produced by Moving to a Four-Day School Week?

Publication Type

Report

Data Years

2007-2008

Community Type (Rurality)

Not Reported

Education Level of Schools

Not Reported

Grade Level

Not Reported

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Arizona; Colorado; Florida; Minnesota

Fifth Day Activity

Student Instruction; Teacher In-Service

Study Design

Not Applicable

Outcome Domain Studied

Not Reported

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Resource

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Griffith, Michael (2011) What Savings Are Produced by Moving to a Four-Day School Week? .

Study

Gushwa 1985

Title

A COMPARATIVE CASE STUDY OF THREE MINNESOTA SCHOOL DISTRICTS EMPLOYING THE FOUR-DAY-WEEK DURING 1982-1983

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

1979-1983

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Minnesota

Fifth Day Activity

Teacher In-Service; Nothing (shut down school)

Study Design

Descriptive Statistics Only

Outcome Domain Studied

Attendance

Equity Domain Studied

Age or Grade Level

Evidence Domain Studied

Acceptability; Effectiveness; Feasibility; Resource

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Parents, Students, Teachers

Citation(s)

GUSHWA, PRUDENCE JOANNE (1985) A COMPARATIVE CASE STUDY OF THREE MINNESOTA SCHOOL DISTRICTS EMPLOYING THE FOUR-DAY-WEEK DURING 1982-1983 , 211.

Study

Hale 2007

Title

A case study of the four-day school week in five South Dakota prekindergarten-12 public schools.

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

2005-2007

Community Type (Rurality)

Not Reported

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

South Dakota

Fifth Day Activity

Student Instruction; Teacher In-Service; Nothing (shut down school)

Study Design

Descriptive Statistics Only

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement; Attainment; Attendance; School Disciplinary Incidents

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Acceptability; Effectiveness; Feasibility; Resource

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Parents, Principals, Superintendents, Students, Teachers

Citation(s)

Hale, Rebecca Rae Miller (2007) A case study of the four-day school week in five South Dakota prekindergarten-12 public schools , 682258.

Study

Hanson 2014

Title

Superintendent perceptions of professional development quality in South Dakota school districts implementing a four-day school calendar

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

2014

Community Type (Rurality)

Not Reported

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

South Dakota

Fifth Day Activity

Student Instruction; Teacher In-Service

Study Design

Not Applicable

Outcome Domain Studied

Not Reported

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Acceptability

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Superintendents

Citation(s)

Hanson, Charles M (2014) Superintendent perceptions of professional development quality in South Dakota school districts implementing a four-day school calendar , 116.

Study

Hanson 2017

Title

An Examination of the Four-Day School Week Schedule in Select Minnesota School Districts

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

2017

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Minnesota

Fifth Day Activity

Student Instruction; Teacher In-Service

Study Design

Not Applicable

Outcome Domain Studied

Not Reported

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Acceptability

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Administrators, Parents, School Board, Teachers

Citation(s)

Hanson, HL (2017) An Examination of the Four-Day School Week Schedule in Select Minnesota School Districts .

Study

Hedtke 2014

Title

The Four-Day versus the Five-Day School Week: A Comparative Study of South Dakota Schools

Publication Type

Student: Masters Thesis

Data Years

2009-2011

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 11

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

South Dakota

Fifth Day Activity

Student Instruction; Teacher In-Service

Study Design

Descriptive Statistics Only

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Acceptability; Effectiveness; Feasibility

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Principals, Superintendents

Citation(s)

Hedtke, Joel Timothy (2014) The Four-Day versus the Five-Day School Week: A Comparative Study of South Dakota Schools .

Study

Hegwood 2016

Title

Scheduling adolescent achievement: Eighth-graders and the four-day school week

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

2008-2013

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Middle

Grade Level

8

Student Race/Ethnicity

Black or African American; Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish; White

State(s)

Georgia

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Before-After Study

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement

Equity Domain Studied

Special Education

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Hegwood, Jessica Fleming (2016) Scheduling adolescent achievement: Eighth-graders and the four-day school week , 92.

Study

Hewitt 2011

Title

The Four-Day School Week: Impact on Student Academic Performance

Publication Type

Journal

Data Years

2009

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural; Suburban; Urban

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Colorado

Fifth Day Activity

Student Instruction; Nothing (shut down school)

Study Design

Matched Pair Design

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement

Equity Domain Studied

Age or Grade Level

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Hewitt, Paul M, Denny, George S (2011) The Four-Day School Week: Impact on Student Academic Performance Rural Educator, 32(2), 23.

Study

Israel 2020

Title

Adolescent Health Behaviors in Schools with 4- Versus 5-Day School Weeks

Publication Type

Journal

Data Years

2017

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural; Suburban; Urban

Education Level of Schools

High

Grade Level

9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

American Indian and/or Alaska Native; Asian; Black or African American; Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish; Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander; White

State(s)

Colorado

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Between Groups - With Controls

Outcome Domain Studied

Health

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Israel, Whitney, Mulitauopele, Christine, Ma, Ming, Levinson, Arnold H, Cikara, Lauren, Brooks-Russell, Ashley (2020) Adolescent Health Behaviors in Schools with 4- Versus 5-Day School Weeks Journal of School Health, 90(10), 794 101111/josh.12941

Study

Jenkins 2020

Title

Teachers’ Experiences with Professional Development when Working in a Four-Day Instructional Week: A Qualitative Case Study

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

2020

Community Type (Rurality)

Not Reported

Education Level of Schools

Middle

Grade Level

Not Reported

Student Race/Ethnicity

Black or African American; Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish; White

State(s)

Texas

Fifth Day Activity

Teacher In-Service

Study Design

Not Applicable

Outcome Domain Studied

Not Reported

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Feasibility

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Jenkins, Justin Michael (2020) Teachers’ Experiences with Professional Development when Working in a Four-Day Instructional Week: A Qualitative Case Study , 119.

Study

Jennewein 2016

Title

The impact alternative calendars have on a school district.

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

2014-2015

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

White

State(s)

Missouri

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Not Applicable

Outcome Domain Studied

Not Reported

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Acceptability; Resource

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Administrators, Support Staff, Teachers

Citation(s)

Jennewein, Jeffery Thomas (2017) The impact alternative calendars have on a school district , 78No.

Study

Johnson 2013

Title

The four day school week: A case study examining three stages of implementation

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

2013

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

Black or African American; White

State(s)

Missouri

Fifth Day Activity

Teacher In-Service; Nothing (shut down school)

Study Design

Not Applicable

Outcome Domain Studied

Not Reported

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Feasibility

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Johnson, Chris (2013) The four day school week: A case study examining three stages of implementation , 135.

Study

Kelly 2010

Title

Explorations of Student and Parent Perceptions of Changes in Traditional School Schedule and Curriculum to Enhance Competitiveness with Charter Schools

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

2006-2010

Community Type (Rurality)

Not Reported

Education Level of Schools

High

Grade Level

11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Arizona

Fifth Day Activity

Student Instruction; Nothing (shut down school)

Study Design

Not Applicable

Outcome Domain Studied

Not Reported

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Acceptability; Feasibility

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Administrators, Parents, Students, Teachers

Citation(s)

Kelly, Tiffany K (2010) Explorations of Student and Parent Perceptions of Changes in Traditional School Schedule and Curriculum to Enhance Competitiveness with Charter Schools , 183.

Study

Kilburn 2021

Title

Does Four Equal Five? Implementation and Outcomes of the Four-Day School Week. RR-A373-1

Publication Type

Report

Data Years

2009-2019

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural; Suburban; Urban

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

American Indian and/or Alaska Native; Asian; Black or African American; Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish; Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander; White

State(s)

Colorado; Idaho; Missouri; New Mexico; Oklahoma; South Dakota

Fifth Day Activity

Student Instruction; Teacher In-Service; Nothing (shut down school)

Study Design

Difference-in-Differences

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement; Attendance; School Climate; Health; Household Impacts

Equity Domain Studied

Age or Grade Level

Evidence Domain Studied

Acceptability; Effectiveness; Feasibility; Resource

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Administrators, Parents, Students, Teachers

Citation(s)

Kilburn, M Rebecca, Phillips, Andrea, Gomez, Celia J, Mariano, Louis T, Doss, Christopher Joseph, Troxel, Wendy M, Morton, Emily, Estes, Kevin (2021) Does Four Equal Five? Implementation and Outcomes of the Four-Day School Week RR-A373-1.

Kilburn, M Rebecca, Phillips, Andrea, Gomez, Celia J, Mariano, Louis T, Doss, Christopher Joseph, Troxel, Wendy M, Morton, Emily, Estes, Kevin (2021) Does Four Equal Five? Implementation and Outcomes of the Four-Day School Week RR-A373-1.

Kilburn, M Rebecca, Phillips, Andrea, Gomez, Celia J, Mariano, Louis T, Doss, Christopher Joseph, Troxel, Wendy M, Morton, Emily, Estes, Kevin (2021) Does Four Equal Five? Implementation and Outcomes of the Four-Day School Week Appendix C RR-A373-1.

Morton, Emily (2024) Can four equal five? Essays on the four-day school week, 85(6-B), No.

Kilburn, M Rebecca, Phillips, Andrea, Gomez, Celia J, Mariano, Louis T, Doss, Christopher Joseph, Troxel, Wendy M, Morton, Emily, Estes, Kevin (2021) Can Four Equal Five? Assessing the Four-Day School Week Research Brief RB-A373-1.

Study

Kirchhoff 2021

Title

Elementary Educator Perceptions of the Impact Breaks Have on Student Engagement

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

2021

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Elementary

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Missouri

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Not Applicable

Outcome Domain Studied

Not Reported

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Feasibility

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Kirchhoff, Sarah-Bo (2021) Elementary Educator Perceptions of the Impact Breaks Have on Student Engagement , 141.

Study

Knapp 2014

Title

The influence of a four day school week on ACT scores

Publication Type

Student: Masters Thesis

Data Years

2007-2013

Community Type (Rurality)

Not Reported

Education Level of Schools

Not Reported

Grade Level

Not Reported

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Missouri

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Before-After Study

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement; Attainment

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Knapp, K (2014) The influence of a four day school week on ACT scores .

Study

Koehle 1982

Title

A STUDY OF THE ACCEPTABILITY OF SELECTED PROCEDURAL CHANGES TO CONSERVE ENERGY IN NEBRASKA SCHOOL DISTRICTS

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

1981

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural; Suburban; Urban

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Nebraska

Fifth Day Activity

Teacher In-Service; Nothing (shut down school)

Study Design

Not Applicable

Outcome Domain Studied

Not Reported

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Acceptability; Feasibility

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Superintendents

Citation(s)

KOEHLE, WOLFGANG KURT (1982) A STUDY OF THE ACCEPTABILITY OF SELECTED PROCEDURAL CHANGES TO CONSERVE ENERGY IN NEBRASKA SCHOOL DISTRICTS , 109.

Study

Kreyling 2015

Title

Stakeholders perceptions of the implementation of a four-day school week regarding academic performance, absenteeism, and morale.

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

2014

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

American Indian and/or Alaska Native; Asian; Black or African American; Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish; White

State(s)

Missouri

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Not Applicable

Outcome Domain Studied

Not Reported

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Acceptability

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Administrators, Community Members, Parents, Support Staff, Teachers

Citation(s)

Kreyling, James M (2019) Stakeholders perceptions of the implementation of a four-day school week regarding academic performance, absenteeism, and morale , 80No.

Study

Leiseth 2008

Title

A case study of the four-day school week: An alternative schedule for public schools

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

2006-2007

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

American Indian and/or Alaska Native; White

State(s)

South Dakota

Fifth Day Activity

Student Instruction; Teacher In-Service; Nothing (shut down school)

Study Design

Descriptive Statistics Only

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement; Attainment; Attendance

Equity Domain Studied

Age or Grade Level

Evidence Domain Studied

Acceptability; Effectiveness; Feasibility; Resource

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Community Members, Parents, Students, Teachers

Citation(s)

Leiseth, Barbara J (2008) A case study of the four-day school week: An alternative schedule for public schools , 159.

Study

Lemmer 2014

Title

The effect of widespread teacher furlough implementation on student performance on the reading, mathematics, and science portions of the Hawaiii State Assessment

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

2008-2012

Community Type (Rurality)

Not Reported

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 10

Student Race/Ethnicity

American Indian and/or Alaska Native; Asian; Black or African American; Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish; Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander; White

State(s)

Hawaii

Fifth Day Activity

Nothing (shut down school)

Study Design

Descriptive Statistics Only

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement

Equity Domain Studied

Age or Grade Level

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Lemmer, Bridina Marie (2014) The effect of widespread teacher furlough implementation on student performance on the reading, mathematics, and science portions of the Hawaiii State Assessment , 109.

Study

Lewis 2018

Title

Comparing Professional Learning Practices of Missouri's Four and Five Day Schools

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

2018

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

Not Reported

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Missouri

Fifth Day Activity

Teacher In-Service; Nothing (shut down school)

Study Design

Not Applicable

Outcome Domain Studied

Not Reported

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Feasibility

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Lewis, Michael E (2018) Comparing Professional Learning Practices of Missouri's Four and Five Day Schools , 163.

Study

Maiden 2020

Title

The Influence of the Adoption of a School District Four Day Instructional Week on Teacher Retention

Publication Type

Journal

Data Years

2013-2018

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural; Suburban; Urban

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Oklahoma

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Between Groups - With Controls

Outcome Domain Studied

Staff/Teacher Retention

Equity Domain Studied

Community Type (Rurality); SES

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Maiden, Jeffrey, Crowson, H Michael, Byerly, Channa (2020) The Influence of the Adoption of a School District Four Day Instructional Week on Teacher Retention Journal of Education Finance, 46(2), 117.

Maiden, J, Crowson, HM, Byerly, C (2020) The Effects of the Adoption of the Four-Day Instructional Week on Teacher Retention in Oklahoma.

Study

Marion 2018

Title

The Perceived Impact of the Four-Day School Week on Teacher Recruitment, Teacher Retention, and Job Satisfaction

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

2017-2018

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

Not Reported

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Missouri

Fifth Day Activity

Teacher In-Service; Nothing (shut down school)

Study Design

Not Applicable

Outcome Domain Studied

Not Reported

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Acceptability

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Administrators, Counselors, Superintendents, Teachers

Citation(s)

Marion, Kristi Sue (2018) The Perceived Impact of the Four-Day School Week on Teacher Recruitment, Teacher Retention, and Job Satisfaction , 144.

Study

Maxey 2018

Title

Future of Failure? Studying the Effects of a Shortened Schedule on the Academic Success of Students

Publication Type

Student: Masters Thesis

Data Years

2012-2016

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

Not Reported

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Oklahoma

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Between Groups - With Controls

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement

Equity Domain Studied

Age or Grade Level

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Maxey, Melissa R (2018) Future of Failure? Studying the Effects of a Shortened Schedule on the Academic Success of Students .

Study

Miles 2012

Title

A Brief Analysis of the Possible Impact of a Four Day School Week on Student Performance in Colorado Schools

Publication Type

Student: Masters Thesis

Data Years

2008

Community Type (Rurality)

Not Reported

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

Not Reported

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Colorado

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Matched Pair Design

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement

Equity Domain Studied

Age or Grade Level

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Miles, K (2012) A Brief Analysis of the Possible Impact of a Four Day School Week on Student Performance in Colorado Schools .

Study

Mitchell 2022

Title

A Qualitative Study Examining the Perceptions of Special Education Team Members Regarding the Impact of the Four-Day School Week on Students Who Receive Special Education Services

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

2022

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

Not Reported

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Missouri

Fifth Day Activity

Teacher In-Service

Study Design

Not Applicable

Outcome Domain Studied

Not Reported

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Acceptability; Feasibility

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Special Education Team Members

Citation(s)

Mitchell, Terry G (2022) A Qualitative Study Examining the Perceptions of Special Education Team Members Regarding the Impact of the Four-Day School Week on Students Who Receive Special Education Services , 142.

Study

Morton 2021

Title

Effects of Four-Day School Weeks on School Finance and Achievement: Evidence From Oklahoma

Publication Type

Journal

Data Years

2005-2017

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural; Suburban; Urban

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

American Indian and/or Alaska Native; Asian; Black or African American; Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish; White

State(s)

Oklahoma

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Difference-in-Differences

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness; Resource

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Morton, Emily (2021) Effects of Four-Day School Weeks on School Finance and Achievement: Evidence From Oklahoma Educational Researcher, 50(1), 30 10.3102/0013189X20948023

Morton, Emily (2020) Effects of Four-Day School Weeks on School Finance and Achievement: Evidence from Oklahoma CEPA Working Paper No 20-02.

Morton, Emily (2024) Can four equal five? Essays on the four-day school week, 85(6-B), No.

Study

Morton 2023

Title

A Multi-State, Student-Level Analysis of the Effects of the Four-Day School Week on Student Achievement and Growth

Publication Type

Preprint

Data Years

2008-2019

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural; Suburban; Urban

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8

Student Race/Ethnicity

American Indian and/or Alaska Native; Asian; Black or African American; Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish; White

State(s)

Colorado; Iowa; Kansas; Montana; North Dakota; Wyoming

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Difference-in-Differences

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement

Equity Domain Studied

Age or Grade Level; Race/Ethnicity; Community Type (Rurality); Sex/Gender

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Morton, E, Thompson, P, Kuhfeld, M (2022) A Multi-State, Student-Level Analysis of the Effects of the Four-Day School Week on Student Achievement and Growth.

Morton, Emily, Thompson, Paul N, Kuhfeld, Megan (2024) A multi-state, student-level analysis of the effects of the four-day school week on student achievement and growth, 100102524 https://doiorg/101016/jeconedurev2024.102524

Study

Morton 2023

Title

Effects of 4-Day School Weeks on Older Adolescents: Examining Impacts of the Schedule on Academic Achievement, Attendance, and Behavior in High School

Publication Type

Journal

Data Years

2008-2019

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural; Suburban; Urban

Education Level of Schools

High

Grade Level

9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

American Indian and/or Alaska Native; Asian; Black or African American; Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish; White; Other

State(s)

Oklahoma

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Difference-in-Differences

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement; Attendance; School Disciplinary Incidents

Equity Domain Studied

Age or Grade Level

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Morton, Emily (2022) Effects of 4-Day School Weeks on Older Adolescents: Examining Impacts of the Schedule on Academic Achievement, Attendance, and Behavior in High School Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 01623737221097420 10.3102/01623737221097420

Morton, Emily (2024) Can four equal five? Essays on the four-day school week, 85(6-B), No.

Morton, Emily (2021) Effects of Four-Day School Weeks on Adolescents: Examining Impacts of the Schedule on Academic Achievement, Attendance, and Behavior in High School CEPA Working Paper No 21-05.

Study

Mykerezi 2012

Title

The Impact of the Four-day School Week on Travel among Households with Children in Minnesota

Publication Type

Report

Data Years

2011-2012

Community Type (Rurality)

Not Reported

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

Not Reported

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Minnesota

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Between Groups - With Controls

Outcome Domain Studied

Household Impacts

Equity Domain Studied

Age or Grade Level; SES

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

No

Citation(s)

Mykerezi, Elton, Nash, Arthur (2012) The Impact of the Four-day School Week on Travel among Households with Children in Minnesota .

Study

Nelson 1983

Title

An Evaluation of the Sheridan County School District Alternative School Schedule, 1982-83

Publication Type

Report

Data Years

1982-1983

Community Type (Rurality)

Not Reported

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Wyoming

Fifth Day Activity

Teacher In-Service

Study Design

Descriptive Statistics Only

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement; Attainment; Attendance; School Climate

Equity Domain Studied

Age or Grade Level; Special Education

Evidence Domain Studied

Acceptability; Effectiveness; Feasibility; Resource

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Administrators, Parents, Students, Teachers

Citation(s)

Nelson, Steven R (1983) An Evaluation of the Sheridan County School District Alternative School Schedule, 1982-83 .

Study

Nowak 2023

Title

The Unintended Consequences of a Four-Day School Week on House Prices: Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment in Colorado

Publication Type

Preprint

Data Years

2012-2020

Community Type (Rurality)

Urban

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

Asian; Black or African American; Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish; White

State(s)

Colorado

Fifth Day Activity

Child Care

Study Design

Difference-in-Differences

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement; Household Impacts; Staff/Teacher Retention

Equity Domain Studied

Age or Grade Level

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Nowak, Adam, Perrone, Frank, Smith, Patrick S (2019) The Unintended Consequences of a Four-Day School Week on House Prices: Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment in Colorado, 102139/ssrn.3435674

Nowak, Adam, Smith, Patrick S, Perrone, Frank (2023) How Do Homeowners, Teachers, and Students Respond to a Four-Day School Week? Available at SSRN 4552082.

Nowak, Adam, Perrone, Frank, Smith, Patrick S (2023) How Do Homeowners, Teachers, and Students Respond to a Four-Day School Week? Teachers, and Students Respond to a Four-Day School Week.

Study

Palmer 1984

Title

A comparative study of transporation costs for a four-day school week and a five day school week for Dougherty County schools

Publication Type

Student: Masters Thesis

Data Years

1981-1985

Community Type (Rurality)

Not Reported

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Georgia

Fifth Day Activity

Nothing (shut down school)

Study Design

Not Applicable

Outcome Domain Studied

Not Reported

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Resource

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Palmer, John D, Jr (1984) A comparative study of transporation costs for a four-day school week and a five day school week for Dougherty County schools , 47.

Study

Reeves 2014

Title

The four-day school calendar: A comparative study of student performance indicators in a Colorado school district

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

2004-2006

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish; White; Other

State(s)

Colorado

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Before-After Study

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement; Attendance

Equity Domain Studied

Age or Grade Level

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Reeves, Cheryl L (2014) The four-day school calendar: A comparative study of student performance indicators in a Colorado school district , 130.

Study

Reinke 1987

Title

More with Four: A Look at the Four Day Week in Oregon's Small Schools

Publication Type

Report

Data Years

1975-1987

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

5; 8

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Oregon

Fifth Day Activity

Teacher In-Service; Nothing (shut down school)

Study Design

Descriptive Statistics Only

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement; Attendance

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Acceptability; Effectiveness; Feasibility; Resource

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Parents, Students, Teachers

Citation(s)

Reinke, Joyce M (1987) More with Four: A Look at the Four Day Week in Oregon's Small Schools .

Study

Reyes 2020

Title

Multicase Exploration of Teachers’ Perceptions of Experience of Working in a 4-Day Work Week School System Compared to a 5-Day Work Week School System

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

Not Reported

Community Type (Rurality)

Not Reported

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

Not Reported

Student Race/Ethnicity

Black or African American; Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish; White

State(s)

Georgia

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Not Applicable

Outcome Domain Studied

Not Reported

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Acceptability

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Teachers

Citation(s)

Reyes, Lyscelle M (2020) Multicase Exploration of Teachers’ Perceptions of Experience of Working in a 4-Day Work Week School System Compared to a 5-Day Work Week School System , 218.

Study

Reynolds 2019

Title

THE IMPACT OF CAPITAL OUTLAY INEQUITIES ON SCHOOL DISTRICT COST SAVING MEASURES IN A CLIMATE OF BUDGET REDUCTIONS

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

2014-2018

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural; Suburban; Urban

Education Level of Schools

Not Reported

Grade Level

Not Reported

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Oklahoma

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Not Applicable

Outcome Domain Studied

Not Reported

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Resource

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Reynolds, Tammie (2019) THE IMPACT OF CAPITAL OUTLAY INEQUITIES ON SCHOOL DISTRICT COST SAVING MEASURES IN A CLIMATE OF BUDGET REDUCTIONS .

Study

Richards 1990

Title

A comparative study using selected characteristics of four-day week schools and five-day week schools in rural New Mexico

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

1982-1989

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle

Grade Level

5; 8

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

New Mexico

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Between Groups - Without Controls

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement

Equity Domain Studied

Age or Grade Level

Evidence Domain Studied

Acceptability; Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Administrators, Students

Citation(s)

Richards, R L (1990) A comparative study using selected characteristics of four-day week schools and five-day week schools in rural New Mexico .

Study

Richburg 1982

Title

The Four-Day School Week

Publication Type

Journal

Data Years

1978-1981

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Colorado

Fifth Day Activity

Nothing (shut down school)

Study Design

Descriptive Statistics Only

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement; Attendance

Equity Domain Studied

Age or Grade Level

Evidence Domain Studied

Acceptability; Effectiveness; Feasibility; Resource

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Parents, Students, Teachers

Citation(s)

Richburg, Robert W, Sjogren, Douglas D (1982) The Four-Day School Week The Phi Delta Kappan, 63(9), 622.

Losure, Joyce (1982) Creativity Growing Out of Austerity Proceedings of the Annual National Conference of the People United for Rural Education (5th, Des Moines, Iowa, February 4-5, 1982), 1.

Brubacher, Roy G, Stiverson, C L (1982) Colorado's Alternative School Calendar Program and the Four Day Week, 1.

(1984) Rural Education: A New Awareness Proceedings of the Multi-State and Rural and Small School Conference (Tifton, Georgia, November 15-16, 1982), 1.

Richburg, Robert W, Edelen, Robert W (1981) An Evaluation of the Four-Day School Week in Colorado The Final Report, 1.

Study

Roadifer 1983

Title

Attitudes and perceptions of voters, teachers and students toward the four-day school week at Sheridan County School District no. 1 West.

Publication Type

Student: Masters Thesis

Data Years

1982-1983

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Middle; High

Grade Level

7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Colorado

Fifth Day Activity

Teacher In-Service; Nothing (shut down school)

Study Design

Not Applicable

Outcome Domain Studied

Not Reported

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Acceptability

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Students, Teachers, Voters

Citation(s)

Roadifer, WP (1983) Attitudes and perceptions of voters, teachers and students toward the four-day school week at Sheridan County School District no 1 West .

Study

Roeth 1985

Title

Implementing the Four-Day School Week into the Elementary and Secondary Public Schools (year, Efficiency)

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

1984

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Colorado; Maine; Massachusetts; Minnesota; New Hampshire; New Mexico; Oregon; Utah

Fifth Day Activity

Teacher In-Service; Nothing (shut down school)

Study Design

Descriptive Statistics Only

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement

Equity Domain Studied

Age or Grade Level

Evidence Domain Studied

Acceptability; Effectiveness; Feasibility

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Administrators

Citation(s)

Roeth, JE (1985) Implementing the Four-Day School Week into the Elementary and Secondary Public Schools (year, Efficiency) , 166.

Study

Rowden 2021

Title

Impact of a Four-Day School Week on Student Discipline and Attendance in Missouri: A Quantitative Study

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

2011-2018

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

Asian; White; Other

State(s)

Missouri

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Before-After Study

Outcome Domain Studied

Attendance; School Disciplinary Incidents

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Rowden, Angelina (2021) Impact of a Four-Day School Week on Student Discipline and Attendance in Missouri: A Quantitative Study , 122.

Study

Sagness 1993

Title

Evaluation of the Four-Day School Week in Idaho Suburban Schools

Publication Type

Report

Data Years

1990-1993

Community Type (Rurality)

Suburban

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Idaho

Fifth Day Activity

Nothing (shut down school)

Study Design

Before-After Study

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement; Attendance; School Climate

Equity Domain Studied

Age or Grade Level

Evidence Domain Studied

Acceptability; Effectiveness; Resource

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Parents, Students, Support Staff, Teachers

Citation(s)

Sagness, Richard L, Salzman, Stephanie A (1993) Evaluation of the Four-Day School Week in Idaho Suburban Schools .

Study

Savage 2018

Title

A Case Study of the Influence of the Four-Day School Week on an Arizona School District

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

2009-2014

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Arizona

Fifth Day Activity

Teacher In-Service; Nothing (shut down school)

Study Design

Descriptive Statistics Only

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement; Attendance

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Acceptability; Effectiveness; Resource

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Administrators, Business Owners, Community Members, Parents, Support Staff, Teachers

Citation(s)

Savage, Rachel Marie (2018) A Case Study of the Influence of the Four-Day School Week on an Arizona School District , 180.

Study

Schultz 2019

Title

Impact of a Four-Day School Week on Teacher Preparation

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

2019-2020

Community Type (Rurality)

Not Reported

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Missouri

Fifth Day Activity

Teacher In-Service; Nothing (shut down school)

Study Design

Not Applicable

Outcome Domain Studied

Not Reported

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Acceptability; Feasibility

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Principals

Citation(s)

Schultz, Shawn C (2019) Impact of a Four-Day School Week on Teacher Preparation , 68.

Study

Smelser 2020

Title

Survey of the Effects of a Four-Day School Week on Music Programs

Publication Type

Student: Masters Thesis

Data Years

2020

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural; Suburban; Urban

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Not Reported

Fifth Day Activity

Student Instruction; Teacher In-Service

Study Design

Not Applicable

Outcome Domain Studied

Not Reported

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Acceptability; Feasibility

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Music Educators

Citation(s)

Smelser, Bradley M (2020) Survey of the Effects of a Four-Day School Week on Music Programs , 74.

Study

Smith 2020

Title

Attachment to Place Among Teenage Students in School Districts With Four-Day School Weeks

Publication Type

Student: Undergraduate Thesis

Data Years

2007, 2009, 2011, 2013, 2015

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Middle; High

Grade Level

8; 11

Student Race/Ethnicity

American Indian and/or Alaska Native; Asian; Black or African American; Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish; Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander; White

State(s)

Oregon

Fifth Day Activity

Student Instruction; Nothing (shut down school)

Study Design

Between Groups - With Controls

Outcome Domain Studied

School Climate; Health

Equity Domain Studied

Community Type (Rurality)

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Smith, Madeleine C (2020) Attachment to Place Among Teenage Students in School Districts With Four-Day School Weeks .

Study

Smith 2021

Title

How Teachers Feel Missouri School Schedules Affect Teachers Morale: A Qualitative Descriptive Case Study

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

2021

Community Type (Rurality)

Not Reported

Education Level of Schools

Elementary

Grade Level

Not Reported

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Missouri

Fifth Day Activity

Teacher In-Service; Nothing (shut down school)

Study Design

Not Applicable

Outcome Domain Studied

Not Reported

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Acceptability

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Teachers

Citation(s)

Smith, Tanya (2021) How Teachers Feel Missouri School Schedules Affect Teachers Morale: A Qualitative Descriptive Case Study , 160.

Study

Strang 2017

Title

Compressed school week cultural bias against English Second Language student performance on standardized exams

Publication Type

Journal

Data Years

2011-2013

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

High

Grade Level

9; 10; 11

Student Race/Ethnicity

Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish

State(s)

Oregon

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Between Groups - Without Controls

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement

Equity Domain Studied

English Language Learner; Immigration Status; Race/Ethnicity

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Strang, KD, Shimer, M (2017) Compressed school week cultural bias against English Second Language student performance on standardized exams Global Journal of Human-Social Sciences-G: Linguistics & Education, 17(5), 37.

Study

Streeter 2021

Title

A Comparison of the Four-Day School Week to the Five-Day School Week and Reading Achievement of Third, Fourth, and Fifth Graders

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

2017-2019

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Elementary

Grade Level

3; 4; 5

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Missouri

Fifth Day Activity

Student Instruction; Teacher In-Service; Nothing (shut down school)

Study Design

Matched Pair Design

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement

Equity Domain Studied

Age or Grade Level

Evidence Domain Studied

Acceptability; Effectiveness; Feasibility

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Superintendents, Teachers

Citation(s)

Streeter, Raymond Leffler (2021) A Comparison of the Four-Day School Week to the Five-Day School Week and Reading Achievement of Third, Fourth, and Fifth Graders , 146.

Study

Tharp 2016

Title

Is the Four-Day School Week Detrimental to Student Success?

Publication Type

Journal

Data Years

2007-2013

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural; Suburban; Urban

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

Not Reported

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Montana

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Descriptive Statistics Only

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Tharp, Timothy W, Matt, John, O'Reilly, Frances L (2016) Is the Four-Day School Week Detrimental to Student Success? Journal of Education and Training Studies, 4(3), 126.

Tharp, Timothy W (2014) A comparison of student achievement in rural schools with four and five day weeks, 97.

Study

Thomason 2013

Title

Effectiveness of the Four Day School Week on End of Course Exam Scores in Both Communication Arts and Math

Publication Type

Student: Masters Thesis

Data Years

2008-2012

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

High

Grade Level

11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

American Indian and/or Alaska Native; Asian; Black or African American; Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish; White

State(s)

Missouri

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Before-After Study

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Thomason, B (2013) Effectiveness of the Four Day School Week on End of Course Exam Scores in Both Communication Arts and Math .

Study

Thompson 2020

Title

Is four less than five? Effects of four-day school weeks on student achievement in Oregon

Publication Type

Journal

Data Years

2005-2019

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural; Suburban; Urban

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle

Grade Level

3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8

Student Race/Ethnicity

American Indian and/or Alaska Native; Asian; Black or African American; Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish; White; Other

State(s)

Oregon

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Difference-in-Differences

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement

Equity Domain Studied

Age or Grade Level; English Language Learner; Gifted Student Status; Race/Ethnicity; SES; Sex/Gender; Special Education

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness; Resource

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Thompson, Paul N (2021) Is four less than five? Effects of four-day school weeks on student achievement in Oregon Journal of Public Economics, 193104308 101016/jjpubeco2020.104308

Thompson, Paul (2019) Effects of Four-Day School Weeks on Student Achievement: Evidence from Oregon, 102139/ssrn.3390191

Thompson, Paul N (2021) The Shrinking School Week Education Next, 21(3).

Study

Thompson 2021

Title

Are All Four-Day School Weeks Created Equal? A National Assessment of Four-Day School Week Policy Adoption and Implementation

Publication Type

Journal

Data Years

1999–2019

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural; Suburban; Urban

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

Asian; Black or African American; Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish; White; Other

State(s)

Alaska; Arizona; California; Colorado; Georgia; Idaho; Iowa; Kansas; Louisiana; Michigan; Minnesota; Missouri; Montana; Nebraska; Nevada; New Mexico; North Dakota; Oklahoma; Oregon; South Dakota; Texas; Utah; Washington; Wyoming

Fifth Day Activity

Student Instruction; Teacher In-Service; Nothing (shut down school)

Study Design

Not Applicable

Outcome Domain Studied

Not Reported

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Feasibility; Resource

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Thompson, Paul N, Gunter, Katherine, Schuna, Jr, John M, Tomayko, Emily J (2021) Are All Four-Day School Weeks Created Equal? A National Assessment of Four-Day School Week Policy Adoption and Implementation Education Finance and Policy, 16(4), 558 10.1162/edfp_a_00316

Study

Thompson 2021

Title

Does a Day Lost Equal Dollars Saved? The Effects of Four-Day School Weeks on School District Expenditures

Publication Type

Journal

Data Years

1999-2017

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural; Suburban; Urban

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

White

State(s)

Alaska; Arizona; California; Colorado; Georgia; Idaho; Iowa; Kansas; Louisiana; Michigan; Minnesota; Missouri; Montana; Nebraska; Nevada; New Mexico; North Dakota; Oklahoma; Oregon; South Dakota; Texas; Utah; Washington; Wyoming

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Not Applicable

Outcome Domain Studied

Not Reported

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Resource

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Thompson, Paul N (2021) Does a Day Lost Equal Dollars Saved? The Effects of Four-Day School Weeks on School District Expenditures National Tax Journal, 74(1), 147 10.1086/712916

Study

Thompson 2022

Title

Only a matter of time? The role of time in school on four-day school week achievement impacts

Publication Type

Journal

Data Years

2009-2018

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural; Suburban; Urban

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle

Grade Level

3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8

Student Race/Ethnicity

Black or African American; Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish; White

State(s)

Arizona; Georgia; Idaho; Kansas; Minnesota; Missouri; Montana; Nevada; New Mexico; Oklahoma; Oregon; South Dakota

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Difference-in-Differences

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Thompson, Paul N, Ward, Jason (2022) Only a matter of time? The role of time in school on four-day school week achievement impacts Economics of Education Review, 86102198 101016/jeconedurev2021.102198

Study

Thompson 2022

Title

Impacts of the four-day school week on high school achievement and educational engagement

Publication Type

Journal

Data Years

2005-2019

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural; Suburban; Urban

Education Level of Schools

High

Grade Level

9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

Black or African American; Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish; White

State(s)

Oregon

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Difference-in-Differences

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement; Attainment; Attendance

Equity Domain Studied

Community Type (Rurality)

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Thompson, Paul N, Tomayko, Emily J, Gunter, Katherine B, Schuna, John (2022) Impacts of the four-day school week on high school achievement and educational engagement Education Economics, 30(5), 527 101080/096452922021.2006610

Study

Thompson 2023

Title

Impacts of the four-day school week on early elementary achievement.

Publication Type

Journal

Data Years

2017-2019

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural; Suburban; Urban

Education Level of Schools

Elementary

Grade Level

3

Student Race/Ethnicity

American Indian and/or Alaska Native; Asian; Black or African American; Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish; White

State(s)

Oregon

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Difference-in-Differences

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement

Equity Domain Studied

English Language Learner; Gifted Student Status; Race/Ethnicity; Community Type (Rurality); SES; Sex/Gender; Special Education

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Thompson, Paul N, Tomayko, Emily J, Gunter, Katherine B, Schuna Jr, John, McClelland, Megan (2023) Impacts of the four-day school week on early elementary achievement Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 63264 101016/jecresq202212.009

Study

Tomayko 2020

Title

Effects of Four-Day School Weeks on Physical Education Exposure and Childhood Obesity

Publication Type

Journal

Data Years

2011-2012, 2017-2018

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural; Suburban; Urban

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

White

State(s)

Oregon

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Between Groups - Without Controls

Outcome Domain Studied

Health

Equity Domain Studied

Community Type (Rurality); SES

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Tomayko, Emily J, Gunter, Katherine B, Schuna, John M, Thompson, Paul N (2020) Effects of Four-Day School Weeks on Physical Education Exposure and Childhood Obesity Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 17(9), 902 101123/jpah.2019-0648

(2023) Erratum Effects of Four-Day School Weeks on Physical Education Exposure and Childhood Obesity Journal of physical activity & health, 20(10), 984 101123/jpah.2023-0337

Study

Tomayko 2021

Title

Impact of Reduced School Exposure on Adolescent Health Behaviors and Food Security: Evidence From 4-Day School Weeks

Publication Type

Journal

Data Years

2007-2015

Community Type (Rurality)

Not Reported

Education Level of Schools

Middle; High

Grade Level

8; 11

Student Race/Ethnicity

Black or African American; Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish; White

State(s)

Oregon

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Between Groups - With Controls

Outcome Domain Studied

Health

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Tomayko, Emily J, Thompson, Paul N, Smith, Madeleine C, Gunter, Katherine B, Schuna Jr, John M (2021) Impact of Reduced School Exposure on Adolescent Health Behaviors and Food Security: Evidence From 4-Day School Weeks Journal of School Health, 91(12), 1055 101111/josh.13095

Study

Turner 2018

Title

The Economics of a Four-Day School Week: Community and Business Leaders' Perspectives

Publication Type

Journal

Data Years

Not Reported

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Missouri

Fifth Day Activity

Nothing (shut down school)

Study Design

Not Applicable

Outcome Domain Studied

Not Reported

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Acceptability

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Community and Business Leaders

Citation(s)

Turner, Jon, Finch, Kim, Uribe-Zarain, Ximena (2018) The Economics of a Four-Day School Week: Community and Business Leaders' Perspectives Applied Economics and Finance, https://doiorg/1011114/aefv5i2.2947

Study

Turner 2018

Title

Staff Perspectives of the Four-Day School Week: A New Analysis of Compressed School Schedules

Publication Type

Journal

Data Years

2015-2016

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Missouri

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Not Applicable

Outcome Domain Studied

Not Reported

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Acceptability; Feasibility

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Faculty and Staff Members

Citation(s)

Turner, Jon Scott, Finch, Kim, Ximena, Uribe-Zarian (2018) Staff Perspectives of the Four-Day School Week: A New Analysis of Compressed School Schedules Journal of Education and Training Studies, 6(1), 52.

Study

Turner 2019

Title

Three Midwest Rural School Districts' First Year Transition to the Four Day School Week: Parents' Perspectives

Publication Type

Journal

Data Years

2016

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Missouri

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Not Applicable

Outcome Domain Studied

Not Reported

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Acceptability

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Parents

Citation(s)

Turner, Jon, Finch, Kim, Uribe-Zarain, Ximena (2019) Three Midwest Rural School Districts' First Year Transition to the Four Day School Week: Parents' Perspectives Rural Educator, 40(1), 1.

Study

Vernon 2018

Title

Teachers' Perceptions of the Impact of a 4-Day Week on School Culture

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

2017-2018

Community Type (Rurality)

Not Reported

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Oklahoma

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Between Groups - Without Controls

Outcome Domain Studied

School Climate

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Vernon, Alison (2018) Teachers' Perceptions of the Impact of a 4-Day Week on School Culture , 119.

Study

Ward 2019

Title

Some New Evidence on the Relationship Between School Provision and Parental Labor Supply

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

2005-2016

Community Type (Rurality)

Not Reported

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

Not Reported

Student Race/Ethnicity

Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish; White

State(s)

Colorado; Idaho; Oklahoma; Oregon

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Difference-in-Differences

Outcome Domain Studied

Household Impacts

Equity Domain Studied

Age or Grade Level; SES; Sex/Gender

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Ward, Jason Michael (2019) Some New Evidence on the Relationship Between School Provision and Parental Labor Supply, 179.

Ward, Jason (2019) The Four-day School Week and Parental Labor Supply, 102139/ssrn.3301406

Study

Webb 1980

Title

Changing the School Calendar to Effect Energy Savings

Publication Type

Journal

Data Years

Not Reported

Community Type (Rurality)

Not Reported

Education Level of Schools

Not Reported

Grade Level

Not Reported

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Illinois; New Mexico; Pennsylvania

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Not Applicable

Outcome Domain Studied

Not Reported

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Resource

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Webb, L Dean, Ashby, Glenn H (1980) Changing the School Calendar to Effect Energy Savings School Business Affairs, 46(1), 11.

Study

Weber 2022

Title

The Four-Day School Week as a Path for Principal Attraction and Retention: Perceptions of Elementary Principals in Missouri

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

Not Reported

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Elementary

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Missouri

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Between Groups - Without Controls

Outcome Domain Studied

Staff/Teacher Retention

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Acceptability; Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Principals

Citation(s)

Weber, Laura Elizabeth (2022) The Four-Day School Week as a Path for Principal Attraction and Retention: Perceptions of Elementary Principals in Missouri , 139.

Study

Whipple 2022

Title

A Comparison of Academic Achievement for the Four-Day and Five-Day School Week in New Mexico

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

2018-2019

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

High

Grade Level

11

Student Race/Ethnicity

Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish; White

State(s)

New Mexico

Fifth Day Activity

Not Reported

Study Design

Between Groups - Without Controls

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Whipple, Martha Ann (2022) A Comparison of Academic Achievement for the Four-Day and Five-Day School Week in New Mexico , 193.

Study

Wilmoth 1995

Title

The four-day school week and how it affects student achievement

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

1995

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Arizona; California; Colorado; New Mexico; Oklahoma; Oregon; Utah

Fifth Day Activity

Student Instruction; Teacher In-Service

Study Design

Descriptive Statistics Only

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement

Equity Domain Studied

Age or Grade Level

Evidence Domain Studied

Acceptability; Effectiveness; Feasibility; Priority; Resource

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Administrators

Citation(s)

Wilmoth, Steve Eugene (1995) The four-day school week and how it affects student achievement , 138.

Study

Wise 2016

Title

Elementary Teachers' Perceptions of Appropriate Collaborative Planning and Professional Planning Time: A Case Study

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

Not Reported

Community Type (Rurality)

Urban

Education Level of Schools

Elementary

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Georgia

Fifth Day Activity

Teacher In-Service

Study Design

Not Applicable

Outcome Domain Studied

Not Reported

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Feasibility

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Wise, Kristi (2017) Elementary Teachers' Perceptions of Appropriate Collaborative Planning and Professional Planning Time: A Case Study , 150.

Study

Wright 2021

Title

Day Five of the Four-Day School Week: Meeting the Comprehensive Needs of Students and Families

Publication Type

Student: Doctoral Dissertation

Data Years

2018-2019

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Not Reported

Grade Level

Not Reported

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Missouri

Fifth Day Activity

Child Care; Student Instruction

Study Design

Not Applicable

Outcome Domain Studied

Not Reported

Equity Domain Studied

Not Reported or Applicable

Evidence Domain Studied

Feasibility

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Wright, Curtis A (2021) Day Five of the Four-Day School Week: Meeting the Comprehensive Needs of Students and Families , 99.

Study

Yarbrough 2006

Title

From Five Days to Four

Publication Type

Journal

Data Years

2002-2006

Community Type (Rurality)

Rural

Education Level of Schools

Elementary; Middle; High

Grade Level

K; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Student Race/Ethnicity

Not Reported

State(s)

Kentucky

Fifth Day Activity

Teacher In-Service

Study Design

Before-After Study

Outcome Domain Studied

Achievement

Equity Domain Studied

Age or Grade Level

Evidence Domain Studied

Effectiveness; Feasibility; Resource

Stakeholders
(if acceptability studied)

Not Applicable

Citation(s)

Yarbrough, Rachel, Gilman, David Alan (2006) From Five Days to Four Educational Leadership, 64(2), 80.